CHILD DEVELOPMENT UNIT 5 TODDLER AND PRESCHOOL Preschool

CHILD DEVELOPMENT: UNIT 5 TODDLER AND PRESCHOOL Preschool Cognitive Development

List major cognitive milestones for a preschooler � 3 Year Old � � � � � Short sentences 896 Words Great growth in communication Tells simple stories Uses words as tool of thought Answers questions Imaginative May recite few nursery rhymes 4 Year Old � � � � Uses complete sentences 1540 words Asks endless questions Learning to generalize Highly imaginative Dramatic Can draw recognizable objects

Preschoolers all over the United States were shown this picture and asked the same question. � � Which way is the bus below traveling? To the left or to the right? Can't make up your mind? Look carefully at the picture again.

� 90% of the pre-schoolers said: 'The bus is traveling to the left. ' When asked, “Why do you think the bus is traveling to the left? ” They answered: � “Because you can't see the door to get on the bus. ” How does it make you feel?

SEQUENCING � � Step by step pattern of event put into correct order. Example � Directions in cooking, a story, � a snowman being built and then melting into water, � following correct order to performing a task � Your class schedule or job responsibilities

SORTING � Common household objects being put into categories according to similarities. � Examples � Blocks, buttons, silverware, colored items, laundry

CLASSIFYING � � Grouping nature objects into categories according to their similarities. Examples: � Rocks, boys/girls, bathrooms, people characteristics, animals, things in nature

SERIATION � � Organizing objects according to increasing or decreasing qualities. Example � Age, height, weight, length, lining up, building a snowmen, your lockers

CONSERVATION � � Understanding that an objects physical dimensions and amounts remain the same even though its appearance changes Example � Pouring liquid from one cup into another shaped cup. Smashing a cookie dough ball or play dough, 2 different shaped cookies or containers of food.

TRANSFORMATION � � Changing an object’s state. Example � Popcorn � Water into ice or ice into water, � powder jello mix into jiggly jello and then adding hot water to the jello to turn it back into a liquid, � growing older with age, � a seed into a plant, � dough into bread

� � REVERSAL Building or doing and then undoing it Example � Zip and unzip, � build a sand castle and wreck it, � block tower and wreck it, � tie and untie

COGNITIVE BREAK 1. Unfinished Picture 2. Matching terms - How many do you know? Pop popcorn

Journal � Free Write…………….

Inquisitive Symbols Comic-why Reading stories 3 little pigs YES and NO Everyday Experiences Picture questions Make-Believe Play Opinions Tea party Egocentric Experiment Popcorn maker Parental Attitude Limited Focus Test Bunny math Talk Conservation Language Ability Comic-dough Chores Check list Preoperational Stage Comic-bug Problem Solving Flour/flower

PREOPERATIONAL THINKING

Words learned Child asking Concepts learning Caregiver asking E V E R D A Y L E A R N I N G

Bunny Math

3 little pig story

Flour Flower Story

Answers Cognitive Terms � � � 1. Language ability Q. This reveals a child’s intellectual development: how they think, their interests, and their personalities. 2. Preoperational Stage A. Jean Piaget said that preschoolers are in this cognitive stage 3. Experiment L. Allow children to explore and _____. This is how they learn about their world. 4. Parental Attitude O. This largely influences a preschoolers enjoyment in reading, learning, school, art, music… 5. Everyday Experiences F. Preschoolers learn best by participation and involvement in these. 6. Chores K. Preschoolers need to be included in ______and daily clean up tasks around the house.

Cognitive Terms � � � � 7. Symbols B. In the preoperational stage, a preschooler learns that these represent objects and words. 8. Limited Focus E. A preoperational form where kids find it hard to concentrate on more than one feature of an object at a time. 9. Problem Solving P. Preschoolers begin to develop this skill as their cognitive abilities improve. 10. Reading Stories N. Spending time doing this with kids is an effective way to introduce them to reading. It makes learning easier and more fun. 11. Talk G. Look for opportunities to ______ with a child about what they are seeing, doing, and experiencing. This will increase learning. 12. Egocentric D. Viewing the world in terms of their own ideas and wants shows this preoperational stage. 13. Opinions I. Ask a child’s views or ____ on subjects to increase their learning.

Cognitive Terms � � � � � 14. Conservation R. A cognitive skill where a child understands that even though one property of an object changes, the other property still remains the same. 15. Inquisitive H. Children are naturally this way. They ask a lot of questions because they are curious and want to understand the world around them. 16. Test M. Success of a child depends upon qualities like motivation, determination, creativity, and self-confidence, not on _____ scores. 17. YES and NO J. Ask questions to a preschooler that requires more than these type of answers to increase learning 18. Make-Believe play C. This preoperational characteristic is imitating real-life situations in fantasy play