Child Development By Gerardo Michael Zeek Prenatal Development

Child Development By: Gerardo, Michael & Zeek.

Prenatal Development • What are three prenatal stages? 1. Germinal Stage (2 week period) 2. Embryonic Stage (2 nd week to about 8 th week) 3. Fetal Stage (Lasts from nine weeks to birth) • At this stage the embryo is called a fetus. It has muscles and skeleton, that allow it to move. During this stage the fetus starts to grow rapidly

Perception Development • What do babies notice most? • Babies are most attentive to social stimuli. • Babies notice and mimic facial expression during their first hour of life.

Motor Development • Motor Development: The emergence of the ability to execute physical action. • Infants are born with small sets of reflexes. (Rooting & Sucking reflexes. ) • Cephalocaudal Rule: “Top to bottom rule” • Proximodistal Rule: “Inside-out rule”

Discovering The World. • Sensorimotor Stage: A stage of development that begins at birth and lasts through infancy in which infants acquire information about the world by sensing it and moving around within it. • Schemas: Theories about or models of the way the world works. • Assimilation: Infants apply their schemas in novel situations. • Accommodation: When infants revise their schemas in light of new information.

Discovering Other Minds. • Egocentrism: The failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers. • Theory of mind: The idea that human behavior is guided by mental representations.

Becoming Attached? • How does a baby become attached? • Attachment: An emotional bond. • When a baby cries, gurgles, etc. It’s trying to reach it’s caregiver. For the first six months of the baby’s life, the first person to respond. The baby will know this person as their primary caregiver.

Knowing What’s Right • • • How do children think about right and wrong? Children’s moral thinking tends to shift from realism to relativism. Kolhberhg’s three stages of moral thinking: Pre conventional Stage Conventional Stage Post conventional Stage

Pre conventional • The preconventional stage is a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

Conventional • The conventional stage is a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

Post Conventional • The postconventional stage is a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values, such as the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Test Question • What are Kohlberg’s three stages of moral development?