Chengdu An Opportunity for HighPerformance TOD TOD John

Chengdu: An Opportunity for High-Performance TOD 成都：高效TOD（公共交通引�城市�展）契机 John Bachmann，AECOM “Transforming Cities with Transit” Forum “公共交通改�城市 ”�� Beijing, 1 November 2013年 11月1日，北京

Constraints on Implementation of TOD in China: Land Markets 在中国开展TOD的限制：土地市�

Constraints on Implementation of TOD in China: Planning 在中国开展TOD的限制：�划 Floor-to-Area Ratio (FAR) changes: Shenzhen Metro Line 6 容积率：深圳地铁6号线 Before 之前 After 之后 2. 5 3. 7 3. 6 1. 7 3. 0 2. 5 4. 0 4. 8 2. 5 FAR for residential uses to change from 2. 5 to 3. 0 -4. 2 居住用地容积率由 2. 5调整至 3. 0 -4. 2 FAR for commercial uses to change from 3. 0 to 4. 0 -5. 0 商业用地容积率由 3. 0调整至 4. 0 -5. 0 4. 5 3. 0 4. 2 3. 7

Challenges to TOD Implementation in China 在中国开展TOD的挑� THE BIG PICTURE �体 情况 § Poor coordination among metro companies and land developers. Missed opportunities, lower project efficiencies § 地�公司之�和土地开�商之�缺乏�作，�失机遇，降低�目效率。 § The development strategy and implementation arrangements are often unclear. What is the role of the metro company and the land developers? How can the property development generate financing to cover part of the subway development and operation costs? § �展 �略和�施��通常不�明确。地�公司和土地开�商各自担任何种角色？所有�开�所�生的�金如何覆盖地�开�和 运�的部分成本？ § DRCs and city leaders (e. g. Vice-Mayors) are best place to identify the tradeoffs involved in different approaches to TOD and bring all the stakeholders to embrace one vision for implementation § 研究�展中心 和市��（例如，副市�）最适合�衡 开展TOD的各种途径，��所有利益相关者�了一个共同的目�努力。 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 技��� § Interface between metro and non-motorized transport is weak § 地� 和非地�交通之�的接口薄弱。 § Need to run the metro lines through the high value subcenters of the city. Locate the stations so as to catalyze mixed use development. Create a high-quality public realm § 地��路要通�高价�的城市分中心。地�站的�址要能�促�多用途�展。�建高�量的公共�域。

Institutional Option for TOD Implementation

Transit Synergized Development (TSD) ：Six Major Impact Areas 公共交通�同 �展（ TSD）：六大影响区 �� Economy 土地利用 Land Use TSD 社区 Community 公共交通地区及 新能源经济 互动发展 �境 Environment � 道交通 Transit 能源 Energy © i. Continuum Group 2013

TSD 核心概念 TSD Core Concept 公共交通枢� Transit Hub 能源枢� Energy Hub u 占地 100公� （500米步行半径) 100 -ha site (500 m walking radius) u 低碳社区 Low-Carbon District 500 m u � 色建筑 Green Buildings u 能源枢� Energy Hub u 智能微网 Smart Micro. Grid u � 网蓄能 Grid Energy Storage u 智能能源管理 Smart Energy Management 公共交通地区 Transit District 低碳�� 开� 区 Low-Carbon Economic Development Zone © i. Continuum Group 2013

TSD Environment: Deepening and Operationalizing the Eco-City TSD�境：深化和运行生�城市 § § § Water/wastewater management 水/� 水管理 § Integrated management of water, wastewater and stormwater. If no city-wide reform, than make special rules for special districts § 水、� 水、暴雨水� 合管理。如果不� 行城市整体改造，就具体区域具体管理。 § Re-use of gray water for toilet flushing (district level) § 家庭� 水再利用冲� （区� ） § Rainwater harvesting § 雨水收集 § Longer-term: re-use of treated wastewater for landscaping and industrial uses § � � 期：� 水� 理后再利用于� 化和 � Low-impact development 低影响开� § Water conservation § �水 § Maintenance and enhancement of the natural environment § 保�和改善自然�境 GHG emissions tracking and management 温室气体排放跟踪和管理 § Planning phase: analysis of GHG impacts and optimization of designs § �划 �段：分析温室气体的影响，�化�� § Operational phase: systematic tracking and management of GHG emissions § 运� �段：系�追踪和管理温室气体排放

公共交通� 点作� 公共空� 的� 点 Transit Node as an Anchor of Public Space

一个促� 社会融合的地方 A Place to Promote Social Integration

� 端用� 效益 : : 减少能耗� 用 End-User Benefits : : Energy Expense Reduction � 色建筑与基�� 施 区域能源与低碳系� 智能管理系� Green Buildings & Infrastructure District Energy & Low Carbon Systems Smart Management Systems 15% 15 -30% 10% � 能耗减少 Total Energy Reduction >40% � 能减排 Energy Efficiency & Carbon Reduction © i. Continuum Group 2013

From Node to Network: Scalability of TSD and Impacts on the New Energy Economy 由点及面：TSD的可�展性及�新能源��的影响 © i. Continuum Group 2013

The Chengdu Metro 成都地铁建设 10 metro lines shall be completed by 2020 成都计划到 2020年建成 10条地铁线路 ▪ ▪ ▪ Lines 1 and 2 are already in operation ▪ 成都计划投入 1002. 57 亿元 建设 10条线路（含 1、2 号线延伸段），总长达 402 km、271 个站点。乘客 吞吐量达每日 6百万人次 1、2号地铁已开放使用 Chengdu plans to invest 100. 25 billon RMB in the construction of 10 metro lines in total, covering 271 stations and 402 km of tracks. Daily passenger volume is estimated to reach 6 million Source: Mc. Kinsey & Company 16

天府新区地� 成都地� 网� 景 Tianfu District’s Metro Vision Chengdu’s Transit. Network

天府新区低碳新能源��� 展网� Tianfu District’s Low-Carbon New Energy Economic Development Network 低碳生态社区 Low-Carbon Eco-District 备新能源系统的低碳新能源社区 Low-Carbon Eco-District＋New Energy

新能源��� 展平台 低碳社区建立一个技� 平台 New Energy Economic Development Platform Low-Carbon District Creates a Technology Platform 智能技� Smart Technology 新一代汽�运 �中心 智能交通系� �色建筑 �能系� EMS区域能源 智能楼宇通 �EMS相� 管理中心 低碳新能源技� Low-Carbon Energy Technology ��� 生� 技� Eco Technology 大型太 阳 能�� � 多能源站 �� � 共享 太阳板 中等�模智能楼 互� 网、物� 网、 分布式能源、新能源、再生能源、 水/垃圾/空气� 量管理、 宇 大数据、云� 算 智能� 网、� 网蓄能、能源管理 清� 技� Internet, Internet of Things, Water/Trash/Air Quality 海上��� District Energy, New Energy, Renewable Energy, 多能源站 © i. Continuum Group 2013 Big Data, Cloud Computing Smart Grid, Energy Storage, Energy Management, Clean Tech

Modalities of Metro Development 地�开�模式示例 Metro 2. 0 – TOD Metro 1. 0 – TD Creation of high density urban nodes around transit stations. Optimize land use 创建高密度的城市节点。 优化土地利用 Connecting communities with transit 连接社区 ▪ ▪ Beijing 北京 San Francisco 旧金山 Metro 3. 0 – TSD ▪ ▪ ▪ Shanghai 上海 Shenzhen 深圳 Singapore 新加坡 ▪ ▪ Hong Kong 香港 Transit district = energy district. SMART, livable eco-district. Drives economic growth 轨交地区 = 能源区。知会、宜 居的生态区。经济发展的动力 ▪ ▪ Chengdu 成都