Chemotherapy By Aubrey Nelson What is Chemotherapy Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy By Aubrey Nelson
What is Chemotherapy? �Chemotherapy is otherwise known as chemo. �It is the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs �Chemo uses a number of different drugs to treat your specific cancer.
Chemotherapy Drugs �Chemo uses a combination of Alkylating agents, Antitumor antibiotics, Antimetabolites, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and some others �These drugs work with the cell cycle
Alkylating Agents �These drugs stop the cell from reproducing by damaging the DNA. �Treat lung, breast, and ovary cancer along with leukemia and lymphoma �These drugs can also cause leukemia
Alkylating Agents �Altretamine �Busulfan �Carboplatin �Carmustine �Chlorambucil �Cisplatin �Cyclophosphamide �Lomustine �Melphalan �Oxalaplatin �Temozolomide �Thiotepa
Antimetabolites �Interfere with DNA and RNA growth. They hinder the cells ability to copy the DNA and RNA. �Treat leukemia, breast, ovary, and intestinal tract cancers
Antimetabolites � 5 -fluorouracil (5 -FU) � 6 -mercaptopurine (6 -MP) �Capecitabine (Xeloda®) �Cytarabine (Ara-C®) �Floxuridine �Fludarabine �Gemcitabine (Gemzar®) �Hydroxyurea �Methotrexate �Pemetrexed (Alimta®)
Anti-tumor antibiotics �These change the DNA inside cancer cells to keep them from growing and multiplying. �Used for a variety of cancers �These can permanently damage the heart.
Anti-tumor antibiotics �Daunorubicin �Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) �Epirubicin �Idarubicin �Actinomycin-D �Bleomycin �Mitomycin-C �Mitoxantrone
Topoisomerase Inhibitors �These interfere with the enzyme that helps to separate the DNA strands so they can get copied. �Treat leukemias, lung, ovary, GI, and other cancers �They can increase the risk of a second cancer
Topoisomerase Inhibitors �Topotecan �Irinotecan (CPT-11) �Etoposide (VP-16) �Teniposide. �Mitoxantrone
Mitotic Inhibitors �These drugs come from natural products such as plants. �They stop cells from dividing and forming new cells. �These work in all the phases of the cell cycle �Can cause nerve damage
Mitotic Inhibitors �· Docetaxel �· Estramustine �· Ixabepilone �· Paclitaxel �· Vinblastine �· Vincristine �· Vinorelbine
Corticosteroids �Called steroids �Natural hormones and hormone-like drugs �Used to treat many cancers as well as other illnesses. �These can prevent nausea and vomiting
Corticosteroids �Prednisone �Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol®) �Dexamethasone (Decadron®)
Side Effects �Fatigue �Pain �Mouth sores �Throat sores �Diarrhea �Nausea �Vomiting �Constipation �Blood disorders �Nerve damage �Appetite loss �Hair loss �Changes in memory
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