Chemistry Drawing the Atom BohrRutherford Diagrams 2013 Michelle

• Drawing the Atom One of the scientists who helped develop a model of the atom we use today was a Danish physicist named Neils Bohr and a Kiwi physicist, Ernest Rutherford. • They believed that: • Electrons moved in orbits (or shells) around the nucleus. • These orbits are located at certain distances from the nucleus. • The maximum number of electrons in the first three orbits is 2, 8 & 8.

• Drawing the Atom • • • Drawing Bohr-Rutherford diagrams: Step 1: Find the number of protons in the nucleus Step 2: Find the number of neutrons in the nucleus (this step requires rounding and subtraction) Step 3: Find the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus. Step 4: Fill the inner orbit first with up to 2 electrons, then the second orbit with up to 8 electrons and the third orbit with up to 8 electrons. Once you’ve drawn enough electrons STOP! ** Remember that like charges repel, so the electrons want to be far away from each other on each orbit!

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 1 H hydrogen 1. 01 Atomic Number 1 Atomic Mass 1 # of protons 1 # of neutrons 0 # of electrons 1 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 1 p+ 0 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 2 He helium 4. 00 Atomic Number 2 Atomic Mass 4 # of protons 2 # of neutrons 2 # of electrons 2 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 2 p+ 2 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 3 Li lithium 6. 94 Atomic Number 3 Atomic Mass 7 # of protons 3 # of neutrons 4 # of electrons 3 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 3 p+ 4 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 4 Be beryllium 9. 01 Atomic Number 4 Atomic Mass 9 # of protons 4 # of neutrons 5 # of electrons 4 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 4 p+ 5 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 5 B boron 10. 81 Atomic Number 5 Atomic Mass 11 # of protons 5 # of neutrons 6 # of electrons 5 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 5 p+ 6 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 6 C carbon 12. 01 Atomic Number 6 Atomic Mass 12 # of protons 6 # of neutrons 6 # of electrons 6 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 6 p+ 6 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 7 N nitrogen 14. 01 Atomic Number 7 Atomic Mass 14 # of protons 7 # of neutrons 7 # of electrons 7 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 7 p+ 7 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 8 O oxygen 16. 00 Atomic Number 8 Atomic Mass 16 # of protons 8 # of neutrons 8 # of electrons 8 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 8 p+ 8 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 9 F fluorine 19. 00 Atomic Number 9 Atomic Mass 19 # of protons 9 # of neutrons 10 # of electrons 9 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 9 p+ 10 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 10 Ne neon 20. 18 Atomic Number 10 Atomic Mass 20 # of protons 10 # of neutrons 10 # of electrons 10 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 10 p+ 10 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 11 Na sodium 22. 99 Atomic Number 11 Atomic Mass 23 # of protons 11 # of neutrons 12 # of electrons 11 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 11 p+ 12 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 12 Mg magnesium 24. 31 Atomic Number 12 Atomic Mass 24 # of protons 12 # of neutrons 12 # of electrons 12 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 12 p+ 12 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 13 Al aluminum 26. 98 Atomic Number 13 Atomic Mass 27 # of protons 13 # of neutrons 14 # of electrons 13 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 13 p+ 14 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 14 Si silicon 28. 09 Atomic Number 14 Atomic Mass 28 # of protons 14 # of neutrons 14 # of electrons 14 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 14 p+ 14 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 15 P phosphorus 30. 97 Atomic Number 15 Atomic Mass 31 # of protons 15 # of neutrons 16 # of electrons 15 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 15 p+ 16 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 16 S sulfur 32. 07 Atomic Number 16 Atomic Mass 32 # of protons 16 # of neutrons 16 # of electrons 16 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 16 p+ 16 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 17 Cl chlorine 35. 45 Atomic Number 17 Atomic Mass 35 # of protons 17 # of neutrons 18 # of electrons 17 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 17 p+ 18 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 18 Ar argon 39. 95 Atomic Number 18 Atomic Mass 40 # of protons 18 # of neutrons 22 # of electrons 18 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 18 p+ 22 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 19 K potassium 39. 10 Atomic Number 19 Atomic Mass 39 # of protons 19 # of neutrons 20 # of electrons 19 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 19 p+ 20 n 0

• Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 20 Ca calcium 40. 08 Atomic Number 20 Atomic Mass 40 # of protons 20 # of neutrons 20 # of electrons 20 # of protons = atomic number # of neutrons = atomic mass – atomic number # of electrons = # of protons 20 p+ 20 n 0