Chemical Process Engineering Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery

Chemical Process Engineering Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology Research Group Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology Contact: alexander. reichhold@tuwien. ac. at Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 1

Chemical Process Engineering Bio-FCC Catalytic Cracking of vegetable oils to hydrocarbons in a continuous FCC-pilot plant Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 2

Chemical Process Engineering Importance of Biofuels Mid and long term: § Limited supply of crude oil § CO 2 -accumulation in the atmosphere due to open carbon cycles Immediately (short term): § Autarky efforts of European Union § EU-directive 2009/28: Blending of conventional fuels with up to 10% biofuels by 2020 Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 3

Chemical Process Engineering Historic Development § Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking § Due to the production of more gasoline with a higher octane rating thermal cracking was replaced by catalytic cracking § Most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries § Conversion of high boiling hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases and other products § Adaption of the FCC-process for the use of vegetable-oils Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 4

Chemical Process Engineering FCC Pilot Plant product gas particle separator flue gas riser return flow tube regenerator zone heating system inert gas N 2 siphon feed inlet zone dry pressured air inert gas N 2 preheating oven oil- feed Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 5

Chemical Process Engineering Advanced FCC Pilot Plant Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 6

Chemical Process Engineering Improvements § Thermal decoupling by the implementation of a catalyst cooler § Enlargement of the regenerator diameter § Adjustability of the catalyst – oil ratio § Catalyst sampling during operation Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 7

Chemical Process Engineering Products Gas Fraction Crack gas Gas Chromatography C 1 - C 4 Conversion Liquid Fraction Gasoline LCO + Residue Water Gas Chromatography (Sim. Dist) Gasoline (FBP 215°C) LCO (215°C - 350°C) + Residue (IBP 350°C) Water (IBP 100°C) (add. Bio Oil to VGO) Solid Fraction Coke Achema 2012 Coke (polyaromates) Institute of Chemical Engineering page 8

Chemical Process Engineering Productspectrum 80 79 78 70 69 60 67 63 61 60 50 Amount m% 40 30 44 41 44 40 38 41 40 34 20 25 27 23 21 18 10 0 15 13 6 0 VGO 41 54 Palmitic acid Achema 2012 12 13 14 11 11 6 6 6 Oleic acid Palm oil Rapeseed oil 10 6 Soybean oil Institute of Chemical Engineering 19 18 14 8 Waste Vegetable Oil Total LCO+Resid Gasoline Water Coke Fuel Gas Yi page 9

Chemical Process Engineering Typical Gasoline Fraction Naphtenes 11% i-Paraffins 16% Aromatics 57% n-Paraffins 3% Cyclo Olefins 4% i-Olefins 5% RON: 104, 4 MON: 91, 7 Achema 2012 n-Olefins 3% Institute of Chemical Engineering page 10

Chemical Process Engineering Typical Gas Fraction cis-2 -butene 6% trans-2 -butene 9% Methane 4%Ethane 2% Ethene 7% Propane 4% n-butane 2% 1 -butene 17% Propene 42% Isobutane 7% Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 11

Chemical Process Engineering Further Research § Reactor design § Process design / modeling § Process optimization § Alternative feeds (liquid / solid) § Catalyst tests § Plant optimization Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 12

Chemical Process Engineering Contact For further information please contact: Ass. Prof. Dipl. -Ing. Dr. techn. Alexander REICHHOLD Email: alexander. reichhold@tuwien. ac. at Tel. : +43 1 58801 166 302 DI Alexander WEINERT Email: alexander. weinert@tuwien. ac. at Tel. : +43 1 58801 166 328 DI Mark BERCHTOLD Email: mark. berchtold@tuwien. ac. at Tel. : +43 1 58801 166 327 FAX: Web: +43 1 58801 166 99 http: //www. vt. tuwien. ac. at Achema 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering page 13