Chemical Equations and Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Equations and Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions Ø 5 basic types l not all reactions fall in these categories Ø you should be able to: l l categorize a reaction by its reactant(s) predict the product(s)

1. Synthesis Ø also called composition, addition • +

1. Synthesis Ø also called composition, addition Ø combining more than one reactant Ø to make only one product A + X AX A forms a cation (metal) and forms a anion (Non-metal) X

2. Decomposition Ø opposite of synthesis • +

2. Decomposition Ø opposite of synthesis Ø usually require energy Ø breaking apart one reactant Ø to make more than one product AX A + X A is a cation and X is a anion

3. Single Replacement Ø an element replaces a similar element in a compound Ø 1 element & 1 compound as reactants Ø 1 element & 1 compound as products Cation (metal) replaced: A + BX B + AX OR anion (nonmetal) replaced: Y + AX X + AY

3. Single Replacement + +

4. Double Replacement

4. Double Replacement Ø two similarly charged elements switch places Ø 2 compounds as reactants Ø 2 compounds as products AX + BY BX + AY Cations (Metals) switch with each other

5. Combustion Ø ALWAYS combines with oxygen, O 2 Ø releases energy in form of heat/light Ø Reactants: Compound (containing H and/or C) + O 2 Ø Products: H 2 O (& usually CO 2) Reactants Products CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O