CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

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CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

petros = rock Peter petrify Petra

petros = rock Peter petrify Petra

geo/terra = earth/land terra cotta terrier geology

geo/terra = earth/land terra cotta terrier geology

CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

I. Aachen Chapel

I. Aachen Chapel

Charlemagne’s Aachen Cathedral reflects the succession of the ancient Roman emperors and the

Charlemagne’s Aachen Cathedral reflects the succession of the ancient Roman emperors and the Christianizing of Europe.

Aachen cathedral

Aachen cathedral

The Octagons of Aachen

The Octagons of Aachen

II. Charlemagne Einhard’s hagiographical description Reality: a barbarian Christian conqueror

II. Charlemagne Einhard’s hagiographical description Reality: a barbarian Christian conqueror

bio/viv = life revive victuals biology

bio/viv = life revive victuals biology

dict = speak verdictator benediction

dict = speak verdictator benediction

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms A. Italian Ostrogoths Theodoric the Great: Roman civil

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms A. Italian Ostrogoths Theodoric the Great: Roman civil government and Germanic kingship From chaos to Lombard rule after Theodoric’s death B. Spanish Visigoths Wealthy and desirable territory Muslims overthrow the Visigoths and establish caliphate in 711 Ostrogoths

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms C. Anglo-Saxons � Little kingdoms � Conversion to

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms C. Anglo-Saxons � Little kingdoms � Conversion to Christianity, as chronicled by Bede � Syncretism and Beowulf: story that chronicles the adventures of a hero who saves the Danes from the terrible monster Grendel Bede

Beowulf

Beowulf

In Search of Beowulf

In Search of Beowulf

Beowulf trailer

Beowulf trailer

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms D. Franks � Client state of Rome �

III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms D. Franks � Client state of Rome � Clovis and conquest (486 CE); conversion to Christianity; launches the Merovingian dynasty Baptism of Clovis

IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians A. Charles Martel Rise of aristocracy over kingdom. Why?

IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians A. Charles Martel Rise of aristocracy over kingdom. Why? 1. Military: scorched earth and absolute fidelity 2. Religious: loyalty and religious posts; churchstate collusion � Pippin

The Kingdom of Charlemagne

The Kingdom of Charlemagne

IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians B. Charlemagne � Conquest: Pippin’s son defeats the Lombards,

IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians B. Charlemagne � Conquest: Pippin’s son defeats the Lombards, Saxons, Avars, Muslims � Government: a crude Roman administration

Charlemagne’s Empire

Charlemagne’s Empire

Carolingian Renaissance 1. Spiritual renewal The protector of all Christians under the Pope’s obedience

Carolingian Renaissance 1. Spiritual renewal The protector of all Christians under the Pope’s obedience Rome crowns Charlemagne emperor in 800 2. Intellectual renewal Education: establishes schools; recruits intellectuals Fusion of Germanic and Roman art

V. After Charlemagne A. Overextension: not enough infrastructure B. Division of the kingdom C.

V. After Charlemagne A. Overextension: not enough infrastructure B. Division of the kingdom C. Threats from outside D. Return to aristocracies E. Christianity spreads

Scandinavia

Scandinavia

Viking invasion

Viking invasion

Epilogue Charlemagne’s death 814: buried under Palatine Chapel in imperial robes

Epilogue Charlemagne’s death 814: buried under Palatine Chapel in imperial robes

Aachen Chapel today

Aachen Chapel today

Aachen’s hot springs

Aachen’s hot springs

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