Characterization of cassava Germplasm core collection in Rayong

Characterization of cassava Germplasm core collection in

Rayong Field Crops Research (RYFCRC), Department of Agriculture (DOA)

The cassava germplasm collection in Thailand Rayong Field Crops Research (RYFCRC), Department of Agriculture (DOA) collected the varieties by ourselves more than 200 accessions

Table 1. The cassava germplasm collection in Rayong Field Crops Research (RYFCRC) collected the varieties by ourselves (279) Sources Local Wild Introduce Virgin Island Indonesia Vietnam China Laos CIAT Promising No. accessions 10 1 17 5 6 5 2 48 185 Scientific names Manihot esculenta Grantz. M. giaziovii M. esculenta M. esculenta

In vitro conservation 2001, CIAT, Colombia 600 accessions. RYFCRC collect and conserve in 2 conditions 1. In the laboratory, subculture every 3 -4 months 2. In the field condition

Table 2. Cassava germplasm core collection from CIAT variental # accessions name CG 12 MDOM 3 MPAN 9 CM 18 MECU 30 MPAR 39 CR 21 MFJI 2 MPER 73 MARG 8 MGUA 15 MPHI 2 MBOL 3 MHMC 1 MPTR 6 MBRA 99 MIND 7 MTAI 4 MCHN 2 MMAL 15 MUSA 4 MCOL 160 MMEX 19 MVEN 52 MCUB 18 MNGA 3 SG 2 Total 628 accessions

Propagation by tissue culture Subculture 0 -7 days 1. 5 -2 months 3 months

Transfer to green house At room temperature at 1 week Coconut fifer

25 -30 days

Field Collection 1. 5 months 3 -4 months 12 months

Characterization of cassava germplasm core collection

Descriptors to be scored at 3 months after planting Color of Apical Leaves

Color of Apical Leaves Record the most frequent occurrence

Color of Apical Leaves

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months and 9 months after planting - Petiole color - Color of leaf vein - Leaf color - Color of stem cortex - Number of leaf lobes - Color of stem epidermis - Length of leaf lobe - Color of stem exterior - Width of leaf lobe - Distance between leaf scars - Lobe margins - Growth habit of stem - Petiole length

Dark purple red Record the most frequent occurrence green Redish-green Greenish-purple Petiole Color

Orientation of petiole Observe from the middle of the plant Inclined upwards Horizontal Irregular Inclined downwards

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months after planting Leaf Color A leaf from the middle of the plant Record the most frequent occurrence purple Purple-green Green-purple Green -white Light green Dark green

Record the most frequent occurrence straight Oblong-lanceolate ovoid Obovate-lanceolate Shape of central leaflet lanceolate Elliptic-lanceolate

red pink Reddish white Color of leaf vein

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months after planting Number of Leaf Lobes 3 lobes 5 lobes 7 lobes Observe a leaf from the middle of the plant ( 5 leaves ) 9 lobes

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months after planting Length and Width of Leaf Lobe Measure 3 leaves from the middle of the plant ( cm )

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months after planting Petiole Length Short (≤ 15 cm(. Medium (16 -25 cm(. Long (>25 cm(. Observe from the middle of the plant

Descriptors to be scored at 6 months after planting Flowering Absent Present

Descriptors to be scored at 9 months after planting Distance between leaf scars Measure from the middle of stem and plant ( cm ) Divide the distance by the number of node Short Medium Long

Color of stem exterior observe on the middle of the plant ( cm )

Growth habit of stem Zig-zag Straight

The Descriptors to be scored at harvest such as - Plant height - Height to first branching - Levels of branching - Branching habit - Angle of branching - Dry matter content - Starch content - Harvest index

120 CM 310 CM Level of Branching

Plant height Height to first branching Record measurements from 3 plants

No branch Branch and angle

Angle of branching- measure at first primary branching From 3 plants

Fruit Absent Present

yellow Dark brown External color of storage root Record the most frequent occurrence Number of storage roots/plant Light brown cream Record the root from three plant

Extent of root peduncle Sessile Pedunculate

Color of root cortex Record the most frequent occurrence

Color of root pulp (parenchyma) Record the most frequent occurrence

Starch content (%)

Table 3 The Morphological for characterization the Cassava core germplasm Character Min Max Mean 1 Plant ht. (cm) 120. 0 310. 0 208. 0 2 Stem/Plant 1. 0 6. 0 3. 5 3 Leaf lobes/Leaf 5. 0 10. 0 7. 0 4 Root/Plant 1. 0 22. 0 9. 0 5 Root wt. (Kg/Plant) 0. 2 8. 7 2. 2 6 % Starch 0. 4 30. 4 16. 0

Table 4 Yield (t/ha) : The cassava germplasm core collection in RYFCRC clone root/plant % starch root wt. (t. /ha) CM 3306 -4 6 31 39. 38 MVEN 90 10 31 25. 82 CM 3306 -9 10 31 25. 69 MCOL 2215 10 30 30. 69 MMEX 8 8 29 32. 69 MCOL 2638 8 29 26. 63 MCOL 1805 7 29 25. 88 MCOL 1516 11 28 38. 44 Rayong 7 13 32 39. 38 Rayong 9 13 32 38, 00

Acknowleagements CIAT, Dr. Daniel Debouck Dr. Hernan Ceballos Dr. Reinhardt Hoewler Dr. Martin Fregene Rayong Field Crops Research center (RYFCRC) Department of Agriculture (DOA) , Thiland

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