Characteristics of Settlement Subtitle English Colonization Chesapeake Colonies

Characteristics of Settlement Subtitle

English Colonization: Chesapeake Colonies Add your first bullet point here Add your second bullet point here Add your third bullet point here

Types of Colonies ▪ Joint Stock – colonies granted to private companies in the hopes of creating profits from colonization ▪ Proprietary – land granted to individuals for the purpose of creating colonies; the individuals had the right then to grant land to whomever they chose ▪ Royal – colonies headed by the English crown/government itself

Virginia ▪ Was the first English colony in the New World ▪ Was a joint stock colony granted to the Virginia Company of London ▪ The first settlement was Jamestown, and was established on the James River in 1607

Disadvantages of Jamestown ▪ Climate & Environment – Marsh land – Hot summers/Cold Winters ▪ Profit – VA Company of London needs immediate $$$ ▪ Sexist ▪ Starving Time

Source of Money!!!!! ▪ John Rolfe brings the cash crop (1613) ▪ Indentured Servitude – 5 -7 years then free – What is it?

Rise of Plantations ▪ Headright system – Who prospers? ▪ 1624 - VA turns into a royal colony

Maryland ▪ Religious Toleration – 1649 Religious Act of Toleration ▪ ALL Christians; ONLY Christians ▪ Tobacco

New England Colonies

Differences to VA/MD ▪ Religious freedom ▪ Middle class families – Better morale – Higher life expectancy (70 years) ▪ Better environment

First Settlers (Separatists) ▪ Pilgrims: complete separation from the church of England – 1619: granted right to head to the VA territory – Blown off coast; 1620 made it to Cape Cod – Mayflower Compact: government based on democratic, majority rule – Indians (Squanto) helped teach the settlers how to farm and fish – Example to the rest of the world ▪ Puritans: create a new way to follow the Church of England – Joint Stock charter from Massachusetts Bay Company – Self-governing because of error in charter

Massachusetts Bay Company ▪ John Winthrop- governor for 19 years – Lawyer – Devout religious follower – “city upon a hill” ▪ Bicameral legislation ▪ All male members could participate ▪ Colonies were not tolerate of other religions ▪ Colonies did not work well together

Rhode Island (“Waste Can of the Colonies” ▪ Roger Williams- exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colonies – God is found within each person; NOT inside the Church – Total separation of church and state – Native Americans should be seen as friends ▪ Religious toleration ▪ Separation of church and state

Other New England Colonies ▪ Connecticut – Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: representing government for all land owning white males (not just church members) ▪ Maine and New Hampshire – Would be owned by Massachusetts

Middle & Southern Colonies

The Beginning ▪ English Restoration – Monarch would be overthrown and replaced with a Puritan leader (Oliver Cromwell) – 1661: Charles II regains the control of England ▪ Decided to go colonize the New World

The Carolinas ▪ North Carolina – Freedmen from VA and several settlers from New England – Small, self-sufficient farms were set up – Autonomous rule; democratic government ▪ South Carolina – Charleston was the most important city of the South – Originally intended to be a supply hub for the Caribbean ▪ Cash crops – Indigo and rice helped England profit – Factor economy developed (BAD)

New York ▪ Originally owned by the Dutch; never made much of a profit ▪ James II took the lands from the Dutch – Freedom of religion and freedom of language – “No taxation without representation” – 1683 - representative assembly ▪ New Jersey created from New York Colony

Middle Colonies ▪ Pennsylvania – William Penn & the Quakers ▪ Equality of men and women ▪ Nonviolence (no military) ▪ Religious authority was found in a man’s soul NOT the church ▪ Named “Penn’s Woods” – Goals ▪ Religious freedom ▪ Marketing to bring more settlers to the colony ▪ Compensate Native Americans for taking their land – Government ▪ Representative assembly ▪ Freedom of worship ▪ Unlimited immigration

Georgia ▪ 1732: GA created because of overcrowding in jails ▪ Created as a buffer colony ▪ Get rid of debtors and criminals from England ▪ Only colony to receive money from the King ▪ Led by James Oglethorpe – Banned ▪ slavery ▪ Drinking rum ▪ Debt imprisonment