CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: 1. Application and Domain specific 2. Reactive and Real time 3. Operates in harsh environments 4. Distributed 5. Small size and weight 6. Power concerns

1. Application and Domain specific: 1) If you closely any embedded system , you will find that each embedded system is having certain functions to perform and they are developed in such a manner to do intended functions only. 2) They cannot be used for any other purpose. 2. Reactive and real time: 1) Embedded systems produce changes in output in response to the changes in the input. So they are generally refer to as Reactive time. 2) Real time system operation means the timing behaviour of the system should be deterministic , meaning the system should respond to requests or task in a known amount of time.

3. Operates in harsh environment: 1) It is not necessary that all embedded systems should be deployed in controlled environment. 2) System placed in such areas should be capable to withstand all these adverse operating condition. 3) The design should take care of the operating conditions of the area where the system is going to implement. 4. Distributed: 1) The term distributed means that embedded systems may be a part of large systems. 2) Many numbers of such distributed embedded systems form a single large embedded control unit.

5. Small size and weight: 1) Product attributes is an important factor in choosing a product. 2) Definitely the product attributes are size , weight , shape , style etc. Moreover it is convenient to handle a compact device than a bulky product. 6. Power concerns: 1) Power management is another important factor that needs to be considered in designing embedded systems. 2) Embedded systems should be design in such a way as to minimize the heat dissipation by the system. 3) The more the power consumption the less is the battery life.

QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM There are two types of quality attributes are: 1. Operational Quality Attributes. 2. Non-Operational Quality Attributes.

Operational Quality Attributes Important quality attributes in this category are: 1. Response 2. Throughput 3. Reliability 4. Maintainability 5. Security 6. Safety

Non-Operational Quality Attributes Important quality attributes coming in this category are: 1. Testability and Debug-ability 2. Evolvability 3. Portability 4. Time to prototype and market 5. Per unit and total cost

OPERATIONAL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES 1. RESPONSE: - �Response is a measure of quickness of the system. �It gives you an idea about how fast your system is tracking in input variables. �most of the embedded system demand fast response which should be realtime

2. THROUGHPUT: • Throughput deal with the efficiency of system. • It can define as rate of production or process of a define process over a stated period of time. • In case of card reader, throughput means how many transaction the reader can perform in a minute or hour or day. 3. RELIABILITY: - • Realibility is a measure of how much % you rely upon the proper functioning of the system. • Mean Time between failures and Mean Time To Repair are term used in defining system reliability.

4. Maintability: • Maintability deals with support and maintaince to the end user or a client in case of techinical issues and product failures or on the basis of a routine system checkup • classified into two type : 1. Scheduled or Perodic Maintance 2. Maintenance to unexpected failure 5. Security : - • Confidentiality, Integrity and Availablity are three major measure of information security. • Cofidentiality deals with protection data from unauthorised disclouser. • Integrity give protection from unauthorised modification. • Avalibility give protection from unauthorised user

6. Safety: Safety deals with the possible damage that can happen to the operator, public and environment due to the breakdown of an embedded system or due to the emission of hazardous materials from the embedded products. A safety analysis must in product engineering to evaluate the anticipated damage and determine the best course of action to bring down the consequence of damages to an acceptable level.

NON-OPERATIONAL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES 1. TESTABILITY AND DEBUG-ABILITY: - • It deals with how easily one can test his/her design, application and by which mean he/she can test it. • In hardware testing the pheriphals and total hardware function in desigen manner • Firmware testing is functioning in expected way • Debug-ability is means of debuging the product as such for figuring out the probable sources that create unexpected behavoure in the total system

2. Evolvability: - • For embedded system, the qualitive attribute “Evolvability” refer to ease with which the embedded product can be modified to take advantage of new firmware or hardware technology. 3. Portability: - • Portability is measured of “system Independence”. • An embedded product is said to be portable if product is capable of functioning ‘as such’ in various environments, target processor/controller and embedded operating systems.

4. Time-to-Prototype and Market: - • Time to Market is the time elapsed between the conceptualisation of a product and time at which the product is ready for selling or use • Product prototyping help in reducing time to market. • Prototyping is an informal kind of rapid product development in which important feature of the under consider are develop. • In order to shorten the time to prototype, make use of all possible option like use of reuse , off the self component etc.

5. Per Unite Cost and Revenue: - • Cost is a factor which is closely-monitored by both end user and product manufacturer • Proper market study and cost benefit analysis should be carried out before taking decision on the per unit cost of the embedded product. • When the product introduce in the market the initial period the sales an revenue will low • There won’t be much competiton the product sales and revenue increase and grabs high market grabs • During the maturiting phase , the growth will be steady and revenue reach high and at retirement time start with drop in sales volume