Characteristic Adaptations CAST and SDT The Sociocultural Context

Characteristic Adaptations: CAST and SDT The Sociocultural Context The Developmental Context Identity Char. Adapt SDT Traits The Evolutionary/Genetic Context

The CAST Paper: • Modern Perspectives in Integrative Personality Theory – Blending Traits with Character • Bridging Personality and Psychotherapy via the Unified Approach • The Levels of Neuro-Information Processing in the Human Mindbrain System

The CAST Paper • The Five Systems of Character Adaptation • CAST and an Integrative View of Psychotherapy • CAST and Key Domains of Human Psychology – CAST and Personality Trait Theory – CAST and the Three Systems of Memory – CAST, Dual Processing, and Identity

P & P Chpt 3 • Character Adaptations as Strivings (Goals, Motives, Needs) Defenses (Reactions to goals/motives/needs not being met)

Emmons Personal Strivings • Complete five statements that start with… I typically try to… • Goal Dimensions – Commitment/Investment – Stressful/Challenging – Reward/Valued Outcome • Types of goals (avoidance, achievement, intimacy, affiliation, power, health, independence, self-presentation, generativity, p. 55)

Defenses • Restraint • Impulse control, Interpersonal control (sup of aggression, consideration of others), social restraint/responsibility • Distress – Anxiety, Depression, Low Well-being, Low Self-esteem https: //www. psychologytoday. com/blog/theoryknowledge/201509/understanding-the-defensive-system

Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=C 4 E 10 e 8 z. Ikw https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VGrcets 0 E 6 I

• Needs were replaced by goals as the dominant motive concept with the shift toward cognitive perspective and there was a focus on process rather than content. • SDT argues that innate psychological needs are crucial to give goals their potence and relate appropriately to psych well-being

Needs versus Goals versus Motives Growth Oriented, Active

• Needs and research on intrinsic motivation – Autonomy – Competence – Relatedness

• Not all behavior is oriented to satisfying needs…Example of a man playing music • Unmet needs result in less than optimal functioning • White’s theory of the effectance (competence) motive (= Geary Mt. C) • Many posit the relatedness need (Maslow; Baumeister & Leary)

• Limited focus on individual differences of core, innate psychological needs

As name implies, SDT focuses on autonomy and intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation

Internalization of Extrinsic Motivation • • External Regulation Introjection Identification Integration

Paper proceeds to review much research on the ‘why’ of goal pursuit…e. g. ,

Causality Orientations • Autonomy • Control • Impersonality (intrinsic) (extrinsic) (amotivation)

• Competence and relatedness behaviors might be autonomous or controlled • Autonomy is unique in that being able to satisfy the need for autonomy it is essential that the behavior is selfdetermined • Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Well-being

Natural Goals/Needs • SDT claims that there is an evolutionary or human nature basis for these goals

STD and the Unified Approach • Lots of overlap and general compatibility • Although more detailed than many psychological theories, it is still underdeveloped and relatively isolated and defined against other perspectives • The mechanisms for motivation are unclear. • Fails to effectively distinguish process from content.

First, the Relatedness Motive Overlaps most Directly High Relational Value hostility Low Relational Value affiliation

Competence is a mixture of the general motive to control (see Geary) and achievement dominance High Relational Value autonomy hostility Low Relational Value affiliation dependency submission

The Autonomy Need/Motive is a bit different, but overlaps in a couple of ways… autonomy Low Relational Value High Relational Value dependency

SDT does not really differentiate between experiential/primary and justificatory/secondary levels of process