Chapters 19 21 The Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

Chapters 19 & 21 The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Why Britain? • Great Brittan's Advantages – – – – Labor Supply Natural Resources Investment Capital Entrepreneurs Transportation Markets Government Support

New Inventions • Mechanical Drill and Horse. Drawn Hoe: Jethro Tull • New Iron Making Process, “Bessemer Process”: Henry Bessemer • Steam Engine: James Watt • Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney

Social Impact of Industrialization • Urbanization – growth of cities – Problems with urbanization: • New Social Classes Emerge – Industrial Middle Class – Industrial Working Class • Factory life = Harsh conditions – Long Hours – No Safety Standards – No representation/protection: labor unions outlawed – Women and children in factories

New Economic Theories Emerge • Economics of Industrialization – Laissez-faire (Adam Smith): • Hands-off approach by government – Socialism: • People control means of production • Attempt at a Utopian Society – Robert Owen – Communism (Karl Marx): • Extension of Socialism, Classless Society • Communist Manifesto • Problems with Communism

Other Nations Industrialize • Britain was the first to Industrialize – Belgium follows – U. S. , France and Germany next • Some nations don’t industrialize – Russia, Saudi Arabia • Competition spurs between nations – Nations compete for markets • Asian Markets (China) – Open Door Policy

New Technologies Arise Alfred Nobel Thomas Edison Alexander Graham Bell Samuel Morse Guglielmo Marconi Transportation

Rise of the Cities • Population Explosion – Advances in Medicine contributes • Pasteurization – Louis Pasteur • Cure for Tuberculosis – Robert Koch • Changes to Cities – Paved Streets, street lights, organized police, sewage systems, running water, skyscrapers • Labor Unions Grow – Workers’ Rights Increase, Strikes • Standard of Living Improves

Changing Attitudes and Values • Women push for Suffrage – New Zealand Australia grant suffrage early – Most European nations don’t grant until after WWI (U. S. – 1919) • Education – Public education grows – Colleges and universities expand • New Scientific Theory - Evolution – Charles Darwin – Origin of Species – Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest – Social Darwinism promotes racism

The Arts • Movements in Literature – Romanticism • William Wordsworth, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charlotte Bronte, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas – Realism • Charles Dickens • Movements is Visual Art – Impressionism • Claude Monet – Post-Impressionism • Vincent van Gogh