Chapter6 LEARNING LEARNING refers to a relatively permanent

Chapter-6 LEARNING

LEARNING refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice or experience.

Features of Learning 1. Learning always involves some kinds of experience. 2. Behavioral changes that occurs due to learning are relatively permanent. 3. Learning is an inferred process and is different from performance.

Types of Learning • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Cognitive Learning • Observational Learning • Skills Learning • Concept Learning • Verbal Learning

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Pavlov’s Experiment

Principles of Classical Conditioning • Acquisition • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Generalization and Discrimination

OPERANT/ INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING

Definition

COGNITIVE LEARNING

• DEFINITION : it refers to changes in the way information is processed as a result of experience a person or animal has had. • Types : 1. Insight Learning 2. Latent Learning

• A problem is posed , a period follows during which no progress is made , and then the solution comes suddenly. Insight Learning • Human beings solve a problem insightfully usually experiencing a good feeling. • The word latent means “hidden” and thus it is a learning occurs but it is not evident in behavior until conditioned for appearance are favorable. Latent Learning • It is said to occur without reinforcement of particular response and involves changes in ways information is processed.

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

• DEFINITION : The acquisition of new forms of behavior information on concepts through exposure to others and the consequences they experience.

STEPS Attention Retention Production Process Motivation