Chapter Two 2 1 Systems approach to problem

Chapter Two 2. 1. Systems approach to problem solving 2. 2. Developing information systems solutions Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

2. 1. Systems approach to problem solving � The scientific method � Recognize phenomena in the real world � Formulate a hypothesis about the causes or effects of the phenomena � Test the hypothesis through experimentation � Evaluate the results of the experiments � Draw conclusions about hypothesis Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Cont… �The systems Approach � Is derived from the above one � problems and opportunities are viewed in a systems context � Has three steps �Understanding the problem or opportunity �Developing a solutions �Implementation Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Understanding a problem or opportunity 1. Defining problems and opportunities a. Separating problems or opportunities from Symptoms b. Identifying systems in the organization and environment c. Determining objectives, Standards And Constraints 2. Gathering data and information Interviewing Questionnaires Personal observation Examination of documents Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Developing a solution 1. Designing alternative solutions Experience The advice of others intuition, ingenuity and creativity. Simulation 2. Evaluating alternative solutions Evaluation criteria Cost/ benefit analysis Tangible and Intangible 3. Selecting the best solution Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Implementing a solution Implement the selected solution 1. � � 2. Construction of physical facilities Hiring and training of personnel Start – up and operating procedures Implementation timetables. Evaluate the success of the implemented solution Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

2. 2. Developing information system solutions � The systems development process Investigation The Systems Development Cycle Maintenan ce Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Process Product System Request Feasibility Analysis Work plan Investigation Analysis Design Implementation a System Proposal System Specification New System and Maintenance Plan Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

System Investigation Information systems planning � � Determine whether a business problem or opportunity exists Feasibility Study � � � Organizational feasibility Economic feasibility Technical feasibility Operational feasibility Feasibility report � � A proposal submitted to the management Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Systems Analysis � Organizational Analysis � Analysis of the present system � Functional requirements analysis � needs analysis or user-requirements analysis. � functional requirements analysis. Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Systems design Putting the blue print of the planned system Logical design Physical Design �Data/database �Process �User interface Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Systems Implementation � Acquisition of hardware and software � Development � Educating and training � Testing � Conversion 1. Abrupt Cut over / direct implementation 2. Parallel Conversion 3. Location 4. Phasing /Staged/ Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Systems Maintenance �Reasons for Systems Maintenance Bugs in system Changes in process New needs of stakeholders Technical problems Environmental Changes �Contains four ongoing activities Systems maintenance System recovery End user assistance System reengineering and enhancement Anteneh M: MIS Ch 02, 2009, Mekelle, Ethiopia