Chapter Twenty Global Policy Making Foreign Policy Foreign

Chapter Twenty Global Policy

Making Foreign Policy • Foreign policy is a nation’s general plan to defend advance national interests, especially its security against foreign threats. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2

Figure 20. 1: A Two-Dimensional Framework of International Ideologies Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.

The Leading Players • The Protagonist: The President • The Constitution allows the president to deal with other nations in various ways. • Over time, the executive has used these provisions, laws, Supreme Court decisions, and precedents created by bold action, to emerge as the leading actor in American foreign policy. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4

The Leading Players (Cont’d) • The Protagonist II (and sometimes The Antagonist): Congress • Congress uses its power of the purse to provide funds foreign policy activities it supports, and to prohibit funds for those it opposes. • The Senate has specific powers that make it the leading chamber on foreign policy issues. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5

The Leading Players (Cont’d) • The Power Move: Presidents can avoid Senate treaty rejection by creating foreign policy through executive agreements. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6

Supporting Players • • • The Department of State The Department of Defense The National Security Council The CIA and the Intelligence Community Other Parts of the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 7

A Review of U. S. Foreign Policy • Every president comes to office with

A Review of U. S. Foreign Policy (Cont’d) • Historically significant periods to evaluate: • • WWI and isolationism WWII The Cold War and nation building Vietnam and the challenge to Cold War contentions • The End of the Cold War • The War on Terrorism Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 9

Global Policy Issue Areas • Global problems are intermestic problems: they blend international and domestic concerns. • Not only are economies tied together, but the air we breathe, the illnesses we contract, and even our climate can be affected by events in other countries. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10

Population Growth in World Regions, 1950 -2050 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights

Global Policy Issue Areas (Cont’d) • Investment and Trade • Human Rights, Poverty, and

Figure 20. 2: Aid to Developing Countries Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights

The Public and Global Policy • Historically, the public has paid little attention to traditional foreign policy issues, except for issues of war and peace and the spread of communism. • Globalization has made nations more interdependent, and events in other countries have more of a direct impact on life in the U. S. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14

The Public and Global Policy (Cont’d) • The growing interdependence of nations has not had much of an impact on public interest in the world at large. • Ordinary citizens often learn more of foreign affairs from the knowledge leaders of the groups to which they belong. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 15

The Public and Global Policy (Cont’d) • Interest groups - including foreign firms, groups, and governments - have hired lobbying firms to represent their issues in Washington. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 16

The Public and Global Policy (Cont’d) • Foreign policy decision-making will only get more complicated as time goes on. • The story will get more interesting, but the history of who is in the play - and who is “the audience” - suggests that global and foreign policy decision-making may be the least majoritarian aspect of policymaking. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 17