Chapter Three Second Declension Masculine Nouns and Adjectives

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Chapter Three: Second Declension Masculine Nouns and Adjectives; Apposition; Word Order Jacqueline Di. Biasie

Chapter Three: Second Declension Masculine Nouns and Adjectives; Apposition; Word Order Jacqueline Di. Biasie

Review! • What are the cases in Latin? – Nominative (subject), genitive (possession), dative

Review! • What are the cases in Latin? – Nominative (subject), genitive (possession), dative (indirect object), accusative (direct object), ablative (prepositions • What is a declension? – The listing of all the cases for a noun or adjective • What are the first declension endings? – A, ae, am, ā, ae, ārum, īs, ās, īs • What are three genders in Latin? – Masculine, feminine and neuter • How do we find the base for a noun? – Drop the ending from the GENITIVE case • In what three ways must adjectives agree with nouns? – CASE, NUMBER, and GENDER

The SECOND Declension • Find the base in the same way as the first

The SECOND Declension • Find the base in the same way as the first • New endings! • Most end in –us, a few end in –er Sg. Ī Nominative- Us Ōrum GenitiveĪ Īs DativeŌ Ōs Accusative- UM Īs AblativeŌ Vocative. E Ī

To ‘Old Mac. Donald’ • Decline a second declension noun: US-I-O-UM-O! And then decline

To ‘Old Mac. Donald’ • Decline a second declension noun: US-I-O-UM-O! And then decline the plural noun: I-ORUM-IS-OS-IS! With the nominative first And the genative next Dative and accusative Ablative and vocative Decline a first declension noun: US-I-O-UM-O!

The Second Declension • The main vowel in the first declension was ‘A’ •

The Second Declension • The main vowel in the first declension was ‘A’ • The main vowel in the second is actually ‘o’ – The US in the nominative and the UM in the accusative is because of ‘vowel weakening’

First and Second Compared Sg. Nominative- A Genitive. Ae Dative. Ae Accusative- Am AblativeĀ

First and Second Compared Sg. Nominative- A Genitive. Ae Dative. Ae Accusative- Am AblativeĀ Vocative. A Pl. Ae Ārum Īs Ās Īs Ae Sg. Nominative- Us GenitiveĪ DativeŌ Accusative- Um AblativeŌ Vocative. E Pl. Ī Ōrum Īs Ōs Īs Ī

Amīcus, Amīcī Sg. Nominative- Amīcus Genitive- Amīcī Dative. Amīcō Accusative- Amīcum Ablative. Amīcō Vocative.

Amīcus, Amīcī Sg. Nominative- Amīcus Genitive- Amīcī Dative. Amīcō Accusative- Amīcum Ablative. Amīcō Vocative. Amīce Pl. Amīcī Amīcōrum Amīcīs Amīcōs Amīcī

Masculine nouns ending in -er • If you follow the rule of always looking

Masculine nouns ending in -er • If you follow the rule of always looking to the genitive- they should be no problem! Sg. Pl. Nominative- Ager Agrī Genitive. Agrī Agrōrum Dative. Agrō Agrīs Accusative- Agrum Agrōs Ablative. Agrō Agrīs Vocative. Ager Agrī

Weird Vocatives • All vocatives are the SAME as the nominatives • EXCEPT the

Weird Vocatives • All vocatives are the SAME as the nominatives • EXCEPT the 2 nd declension –us nouns in the singular So all the boy names in the class should have an –e as the vocative – Marce! – Sile! • Nouns ending in –ius have an ‘i’ vocative – Antoni!, Spuri! fīlī!

Apposition • An APPOSITIVE is a noun positioned next to other nouns in order

Apposition • An APPOSITIVE is a noun positioned next to other nouns in order to explain it. – Ex. Sparky, my dog, is very fast. • In Latin: – Iulia, mea filia, est pulchra. • BOTH NOMINATIVE – Vergil, meus amicus, habet multos amicos. BOTH NOMINATIVE

Word Order • As you have seen, it is not essential in Latin as

Word Order • As you have seen, it is not essential in Latin as it is in English. • Seen have as you, not it is Latin in it is English in essential. • Typical word order in Latin: – 1) Subject 2) Indirect Object 3) Direct object 4)adverbial phrases 5) verb – SOV – This is why the endings are so important! And why you have to learn them by heart! • Word order can be changed around for emphasis, especially in poetry