Chapter Ten Instrumental Music 1600 1750 Instrumental Genres

Chapter Ten Instrumental Music, 1600 -1750

Instrumental Genres (Baroque) • Sonata – “da sonare” – to be sounded - instrumental technique (no vocal models) - wide ranging numbers (1 -2 up to ? ) - “chamber music” • Concerto – “to work together” - larger groups (multiple players on parts) - based in contrasts (small/solo vs. whole) • Suite – collections of dance pieces - keyboards - ensembles

Sonatas • Developed from the canzona tradition - pieces “to be sounded” - Biagio Marini, Sonata per il violino con due corde • Preference to two upper parts over b. c - Trio Sonata (3 parts, but maybe more players) - Maurizio Cazzati, Sonata “La Strozza” • Anth I/89 – violin & b. c. = “solo sonata” - Isabella Leonarda, Sonata duodecima (1693) • Separate Movements – self-contained units - Giovanni Legrenzi, Sonata Op. 2 No. 1 La Cornara

Sonatas (2) • Classed by usage • Sonata da camera (chamber) = dance suite - Corelli, Op. 2, No. 10 • Sonata da chiesa (church) - Corelli, Op. 1, No. 5 - slow, fast, slow, fast • Solo Sonata (violin & b. c. ) - ornamentation in slow mvts (see textbook, p. 265) Archangelo Corelli (1653 -1713)

Concerto • (eventually) a work for orchestra - contrast between solo/small group & whole • Concerto grosso - concertino vs. ripieno (tutti) - Corelli, Op. 6, No. 2 (Anth I/90) [HIP video] • Solo Concerto [Anth I/91] - one (or two) player(s) vs. entire orchestra - Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto in A min, Op. 3, no. 8 - Ritornello structure

“Ospedele della Pietà” (Venice, 1782? ) by Gabriele Bella (1730 -1799)

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 -1741) • • b. 1678, Venice Violin teacher (Ospedele) “the Red Priest” Music director - Mantua (1718) - Vienna (1727) • Concertos (over 400!) • 46 Operas (forgotten) • Gloria (chorus), etc.