Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Chapter 15

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Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Chapter 15 Section 2: Westward Expansion and the

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Chapter 15 Section 2: Westward Expansion and the Native Americans Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Objectives • Compare the ways Native Americans and

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Objectives • Compare the ways Native Americans and white settlers viewed and used the land. • Describe the conflicts between white settlers and Indians. • Evaluate the impact of the Indian Wars. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Terms and People • reservation – specific area

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Terms and People • reservation – specific area set aside by the federal government for the Indians’ use • Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 incident in which Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians • Sitting Bull – Sioux chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader • Battle of the Little Big Horn – 1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated U. S. troops led by Colonel George Custer Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • Chief Joseph –

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • Chief Joseph – leader of the Nez Percés who surrendered after trying to lead a group of Indian refugees to Canada • Wounded Knee – 1890 confrontation between U. S. cavalry and the Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance in the Ghost Dance War • assimilate – to adopt the culture and civilization of the dominant group in a society • Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 How did the pressures of westward expansion impact

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 How did the pressures of westward expansion impact Native Americans? As American settlers continued to push west, they increasingly came into conflict with Native Americans. Such conflict often led to violence, with tragic results. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 After the Civil War, about 250, 000 Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 After the Civil War, about 250, 000 Indians lived west of the Mississippi. Native Americans came from many diverse cultures. • Had different belief systems • Spoke different languages • Lived in different types of houses • Ate different foods Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Conflict between Native Americans and white settlers… Native

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Conflict between Native Americans and white settlers… Native Americans saw themselves as part of nature and viewed nature as sacred. Many white Americans viewed the land as a resource to produce wealth. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Indian Reservation: What do you see here? Westward

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Indian Reservation: What do you see here? Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In the 1800 s, the government carried out

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In the 1800 s, the government carried out a policy of moving Indians out of the way of white settlers. Indians in the East were moved west, into the Indian Territory of the Plains. Eventually, Indians were forced into reservations, no longer free to roam the Plains. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Other threats to Native Americans… Disease Settlers introduced

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Other threats to Native Americans… Disease Settlers introduced diseases to which Indians had no immunity. Loss of the buffalo Settlers slaughtered buffalo herds. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Some Native Americans fought to defend their lands.

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Some Native Americans fought to defend their lands. The Sand Creek Attacks and Massacre: An unarmed retaliation led camp of Indians under to distrust— the U. S. Army protection and to tragedy. killed by Colorado militia Promises and peace treaties were often broken. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 The U. S. government moved to crush Indian

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 The U. S. government moved to crush Indian resistance. • The Red River War led to the defeat of the Southern Plains Indians. • The Sioux were victorious at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. • Chief Joseph and the Nez Percés surrendered after attempting to retreat to Canada. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Indians kept religious beliefs using the Ghost Dance.

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Indians kept religious beliefs using the Ghost Dance. The ritual preached that white settlers would be banished & the buffalo would return Fearful of an uprising, U. S. government officials tried to ban the practice. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In an effort to end the Ghost Dance,

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In an effort to end the Ghost Dance, the government attempted to arrest Sitting Bull. However, he was killed in a confrontation with U. S. troops. More than 100 Indians who fled were killed at Wounded Knee. The Indian Wars were over. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Some critics attacked government policies and defended the

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Some critics attacked government policies and defended the Indians’ way of life. Most leaders, however, hoped that Native Americans would assimilate into American life. Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes General Allotment

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes General Allotment Act to encourage assimilation. • Replaced the reservation system with an allotment system • Granted each Indian family its own plot of land • Specified the land could not be sold for 25 years Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Section 2 Assessment 1. What conflict existed between

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 Section 2 Assessment 1. What conflict existed between the Indians & white settlers? (Pg. 496 -498) 2. What were some wars fought between Indians and white settlers? (Pg. 500 -503) 3. Why were Indians forced on to reservations? (Pg. 504) 4. What was the impact of the Dawes Act? (Pg. 504) Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 1. Wars/battles, different belief systems, etc. 2. Sand

Chapter Section 2 25 Section 1 1. Wars/battles, different belief systems, etc. 2. Sand Creek Massacre, Red River War, Battle of Little Big Horn 3. To make room for white settlers (pioneers) 4. It gave Indians a piece of land on a reservation Westward The Cold Expansion War Begins and the American Indians