CHAPTER OUTLINE Life Expectancy vs Healthy Life Expectancy

CHAPTER OUTLINE Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Chapter 1 Why Physical Fitness?

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Physical Fitness Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Research findings in the last three decades have shown that physical inactivity and negative lifestyle habits increase the risk for chronic diseases and premature mortality Widespread interest in health and preventive medicine has led to an increase in people participating in organized fitness programs

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Risks of Physical Inactivity Physically inactive people die younger Technological advances have greatly reduced required daily physical activity About 400, 000 deaths in the U. S. are attributed each year to physical inactivity and poor dietary habits

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Life Expectancy Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Beginning of the 20 th century Life expectancy was 47 years Major life threats were infectious diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenza, polio, etc. Late 20 th century Infectious diseases eliminated with medical breakthroughs Life expectancy increased to 76. 9 years but living the so-called “good life” encouraged chronic diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.

Causes of Deaths in United States for Selected Years 1. 1 Physical inactivity and poor lifestyle habits have caused an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Fitness Movement Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness The fitness movement resulted from the need to combat chronic disease Focus became disease prevention through a healthy lifestyle

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Healthy Life Expectancy in the U. S. Average life expectancy in the U. S. is 77. 4 years Healthy life expectancy is defined as the years of illness subtracted from life expectancy The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated in 2000 that the healthy life expectancy of the U. S. was 24 th in the world

Healthy Life Expectancy for Selected Countries 1. 2

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Lifestyle as a Health Problem “ Almost 80% of deaths in the U. S. today could be prevented through a healthy lifestyle program. ”

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Lifestyle as a Health Problem Over 50% of people who die in the U. S. die because of what they do More than half of disease is lifestyle-related A fifth is attributed to the environment A tenth is influenced by the health care the individual receives Only 16% is related to genetics The individual controls as much as 84% of vulnerability to disease and quality of life 83% of deaths before age 65 are preventable

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Lifestyle as a Health Problem “ In essence, most people in the United States are threatened by the very lives they lead today. ”

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Key Terms Physical Activity: Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Exercise: A type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness 1996 Surgeon General’s Report Poor health because of lack of physical activity is a serious problem More than 60% of adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity 25% are not physically active at all Almost half of all people between 12 and 21 years of age are not vigorously active on a regular basis

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness 1996 Surgeon General’s Report Physical inactivity is more prevalent in Women than men African Americans and Hispanic Americans than whites Older than younger adults Less affluent than more affluent people Less educated than more educated adults

Percent of Total U. S. Adult Population That Regularly Participates in Physical Activity 1. 1 The 1996 report became a nationwide call to action

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Critical Thinking Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Do you consciously incorporate physical activity into your daily lifestyle? Can you provide examples? Do you feel that you get sufficient daily physical activity to maintain good health? Benefits of Fitness

Physical Activity vs. Mortality 1. 4 Studies show an inverse relationship between physical activity and premature mortality rates

Fitness Levels vs. Mortality 1. 5 Although greater improvements in fitness yield a slightly lower risk for premature death, the largest drop is between the low fit and the moderate fit groups

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Moderate Physical Activity Provides benefits through regular participation Can prevent premature death, unnecessary illness, and disability For people who are not physically active: Can provide substantial benefits in health and well-being For people who are already moderately active: Greater health and fitness benefits can be obtained when intensity of physical activity is increased

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Key Terms Physical fitness: The ability to meet the ordinary as well as the unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for leisure and recreational activities Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Health-related fitness: Fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the overall health of the individual; encompasses cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, muscular flexibility, and body composition

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Health-Related Fitness Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular flexibility Body composition Muscular strength and endurance

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Critical Thinking What role do the four healthrelated components of physical fitness play in your life? Can you rank them in order of importance to you and explain your rationale in doing so? Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Key Terms Skill-related fitness: Fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events; encompasses agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Metabolic fitness: Improvements in the metabolic profile through a moderate-intensity exercise program in spite of little or no improvement in physical fitness measures

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Motor Skill–Related Fitness

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Two Fitness Standards Health fitness standard Minimum fitness values required for disease prevention and health Physical fitness standard Higher standard required to achieve good or excellent physical fitness Physical fitness standard Requires more intense exercise to allow people of all ages the freedom to enjoy life’s daily and recreational activities to their fullest potential Current health fitness standards are not enough to achieve these objectives

Health and Fitness Benefits according to Lifestyle and Physical Activity Program Attaining the health fitness standard requires only moderate physical activity For high physical fitness, a high-intensity exercise program is required 1. 8

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Programs Provide Multiple health benefits Economic benefits Benefits of Fitness

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Selected Health Benefits Improves cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance Helps maintain recommended body weight and lean body mass Increases resting metabolic rate Improves the immune system Decreases risk for chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis)

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Selected Health Benefits Relieves tension and stress Raises energy levels and job productivity Encourages positive lifestyle habits Promotes psychological wellness Helps maintain independent living Extends longevity and slows down the aging process Improves quality of life

1. 9 Health Care Costs in the U. S. for Selected Years

1. 10 Estimated 1989 and 1997 Healthcare Costs per Person for Selected Countries U. S. spends more on yearly health care person than any other industrialized nation Yet U. S. health care ranks 37 th in the world One reason for low ranking is overemphasis on state-of-the art cures instead of prevention

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Healthy Lifestyle Habits Participate in a lifetime physical activity program Do not smoke cigarettes Eat three nutritious meals each day Avoid meaningless snacking Maintain healthy weight Get enough sleep

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness Healthy Lifestyle Habits Control stress Be wary of alcohol Surround yourself with healthy friendships Be informed about the environment Increase education Take personal safety measures

2010 National Health Objectives 1. 11 Two unique goals of the 2010 national health objectives emphasize increased quality and years of healthy life and seek to eliminate health disparities among all groups of people

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Critical Thinking Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness What are your feelings about lifestyle habits that enhance health and longevity? How important are they to you? What obstacles keep you from adhering to such habits or incorporating new ones into your life? Benefits of Fitness

Take the Stairs

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness A Personalized Approach In this course you will learn to Implement motivational and behavior modification techniques for wellness Determine whether medical clearance is needed for exercise participation Conduct a nutrient analysis and follow recommendations for adequate nutrition Write your own nutrition and weight-control programs

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness A Personalized Approach In this course you will learn to Assess your healthrelated and skill-related components of fitness Write exercise prescriptions for cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and muscular flexibility Understand the relationship between fitness and aging Determine your levels of tension and stress, lessen your vulnerability to stress, and implement a stress management program if necessary

Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy Lifestyle as a Health Problem Physical Activity and Exercise Defined Surgeon General’s Report Fitness Standards: Health vs Physical Fitness Benefits of Fitness A Personalized Approach In this course you will learn to Write objectives to improve your fitness and wellness and learn how to chart a wellness program for the future Differentiate myths and facts about exercise and health-related concepts

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