Chapter Opener Slide 1 Actress Jean Harlow in

Chapter Opener Slide 1

Actress Jean Harlow in 1932—wearing green and smoking Lucky Strike cigarettes Box 1 Fig. A Page 755 Slide 2

Korean War Early reports linking smoking and cancer death WWII Great Depression Year Warnings printed on packages ) Increased marketing of filter cigarettes Deaths per 100, 000 from lung cancer ( Cigarettes per adult per year in US ( ) A rising death rate Figure 39 -1 Page 756 Slide 3

Lung cancer’s separate path Death rate per 100, 000 population Lung Breast (in women) Colon and rectum Stomach Year Figure 39 -2 Page 756 Slide 4

Partial pressure 600 mm N 160 mm O 0. 2 mm CO 2 Figure 39 -3 Page 758 Slide 5

Gills and lungs Diffusion through entire surface Amoeba Evagination (gills) Dermal gills Sea star Gill arch Evagination (gills) Fish Gill filaments Water flow Fig. 39 -4 A–C Page 759 Slide 6

Gills and lungs (continued) Blood flow in lamellae Evagination (gills) Spider Book lung Air flow Lung Frog Invagination (lungs) Fig. 39 -4 D, E Page 759 Slide 7

The human respiratory system Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Vocal cords Nasal passages Larynx 10 µm Trachea Bronchiole Ribs Bronchi RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG 500 µm Alveoli Heart Pleural membrane Diaphragm See next slide Fig. 39 -5 A–C Page 762 Slide 8

The human respiratory system (continued) Bronchiole Arteriole Venule Mucus Alveoli Epithelium Capillaries Figure 39 -5 D Page 762 Slide 9

Take a deep breath Lung volume (milliliters) Inhalation Vital capacity Tidal volume Residual volume Diaphragm contracts and moves down Exhalation Time Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Figure 39 -6 Page 763 Slide 10

How we breathe Red blood cell Alveolus of lung Epithelium Capillary Alveoli of lung O 2 CO 2 Capillary in lung Capillary Cells of the body Surfactant CO 2 Figure 39 -7 Page 765 Slide 11

Birds breathe efficiently Anterior air sacs Lungs First breath Second breath Anterior air sac Lungs Posterior air sacs Inhale Exhale Figure 39 -8 Page 766 Slide 12

Insects breathe through tracheae Tracheae Spiracles Figure 39 -9 Page 766 Slide 13

The oxygen raft Hemoglobin Red blood cells Oxygen molecule Heme molecule Figure 39 -10 Page 767 Slide 14

How does hemoglobin carry oxygen? Blood vessel Hemoglobin Cells of tissues 40 mm partial pressure of O 2 Red blood cell Oxygen Oxyhemoglobin Oxygen Alveolus of lung 100 mm partial pressure of O 2 Figure 39 -11 Page 767 Slide 15

Lungs Active muscles Partial pressure of O 2 (mm) Hemoglobin saturation (%) Hemoglobin’s changing affinity for oxygen Myoglobin Hemoglobin Partial pressure of O 2 (mm) Figure 39 -12 Page 768 Slide 16

Oxygen dissociation curves for fetal and maternal hemoglobin Hemoglobin saturation (%) Fetus gets O 2 from mother O 2 Fetus Mother Partial pressure of O 2 (mm) Box 4 Fig. A Page 769 Slide 17