Chapter Nine Vocal Music 1650 1750 Johann Sebastian

Chapter Nine Vocal Music, 1650 -1750

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 -1750) • Born into family of musicians (from 1400 s!) • Organist, etc. • Arnstadt, Mühlhausen, Weimar, Cöthen (organist & instrumental conductor) • 1722 – Leipzig – Cantor of St. Thomas (church music) – to end of his life! • All genres except opera • Two wives, 20 children (!)

Thomaskirche (Leipzig)

J. S. Bach’s Cantatas • Over 300 cantatas • Based in weekly Bible readings & texts • Three complete church cycles (50+ per year!) in • Chorale tunes (Luther) Leipzig (starting 1723) • Mixture of movements • Composed, copied, - Choral ritornello rehearsed & performed - recitative & aria (d. c. ) (Every week) - duets, etc. - Chorale (4 part • 4 choirs in 4 churches harmonization) (rotating weekly) • Anth I/88 (complete)

Chapter Ten Instrumental Music, 1600 -1750

Violin (in the Baroque Era) • Bass-bar smaller & lighter • Neck – less angled (lower tension on strings) • Bridge – lower (& flatter) • Fingerboard – shorter (reducing upper range) • Pre-Tourte bow • Modern vs. Baroque Violin

Wind Instruments (Baroque) • Recorder (flauto) • Flauto traverso (German flute) • Oboe • Bassoon

Brass & Percussion (Baroque) • • Trumpet Horn Trombone Timpani • Baroque Orchestra - Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 2

Keyboards (Baroque) • • Clavichord Harpsichord Pianoforte – invented c. 1709 Organ - Cornell’s Baroque Organ Project • From the Clavichord to the Modern Piano (Pt 1 of 2) [Pt 2 follows end of video]