Chapter Nine Vocal Music 1650 1750 Dido and

Chapter Nine Vocal Music, 1650 -1750

Dido and Aeneas (1689? ) • Henry Purcell (1659 -95) • Dido – Queen of Carthage • Virgil’s Aeneid (Bk IV) • Aeneas – Hero of Trojan - adapted by Nathun Tate War/will found Rome • Jonas Priest’s Girl’s • Anth I/83 - overture School (Chelsea) - No. 1 (Scena) 1: 58 st • 1 performed by 1689 - No. 2 (Dido) 3: 00 • All female roles (7 -8? ) - No. 3 (recit. ) 7: 24 - No. 4 (Chorus) 7: 59 • Later adapted as masque - No. 5 (recit. ) 8: 14 • Score lost/revised - No. 6 (Duet/Chorus) 10: 15 • Dido’s Lament (44: 30)

Sacred Music : Oratorio • Opera in Rome - banned Easter/Advent • Oratorio replaces opera - not staged - Biblical stories (Latin) - use of Chorus • Giacomo Carissimi - leading composer in Rome of oratorio • Jepthe (c. 1645 -49) - Anth I/85 • Book of Judges, 11 -12

Sacred Music : Cantata • • • From “cantare” (It. ) – “to sing” Can be sacred or secular (chamber music) Single or multi-movement Solo singer w/ accompaniment (or larger forces) Elizabeth Jacquet de la Guerre (1665 -1729) Judith (1708) Anth I/87 - “Le coup est achevé” (starts 14: 36)

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 -1750) • Born into family of musicians (from 1400 s!) • Organist, etc. • Arnstadt, Mühlhausen, Weimar, Cöthen (organist & instrumental conductor) • 1722 – Leipzig – Cantor of St. Thomas (church music) – to end of his life! • All genres except opera • Two wives, 20 children (!)

Thomaskirche (Leipzig)

J. S. Bach’s Cantatas • Over 300 cantatas • Based in weekly Bible readings & texts • Three complete church cycles (50+ per year!) in • Chorale tunes (Luther) Leipzig (starting 1723) • Mixture of movements • Composed, copied, - Choral ritornello rehearsed & performed - recitative & aria (d. c. ) (Every week) - duets, etc. - Chorale (4 part • 4 choirs in 4 churches harmonization) (rotating weekly) • Anth I/88 (complete)