CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Stars Galaxies and the Universe

CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe the BIG idea Our Sun is one of billions of stars in one of billions of galaxies in the universe. 22. 1 The Sun is our local star. 22. 2 Stars change over their life cycles. 22. 3 Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. 22. 4 The universe is expanding. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

22. 1 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The Sun is our local star. The Sun produces energy from hydrogen. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers. Features appear on the Sun’s surface. http: //www. brevardastro. org/albums/Universe. Scale/phot o 1. html interior layers VOCABULARY fusion convection corona sunspot solar flares prominence magnetic storms solar wind auroras atmosphere SIMULATION CLASSZONE. COM View the Sun at different wavelengths. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

22. 2 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Stars change over their life cycles. Stars vary in brightness, size, color, and temperature. The development of a star depends on the mass of the star. Most stars are grouped with one or more companion stars. VOCABULARY light-year parallax nebula lower-mass star higher-mass stars main sequence neutron star supergiants giant star white dwarf black hole supernovas CHAPTER RESOURCES neutron star black hole SECTION OUTLINE

22. 3 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy. Galaxies can also be elliptical or irregular. Irregular galaxies have no definite shape. Spiral Galaxy Elliptical Galaxy VOCABULARY quasar Irregular Galaxy VISUALIZATION CLASSZONE. COM Explore the different shapes of galaxies in the universe. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

22. 4 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The universe is expanding. Galaxies are moving farther a part in the universe. Scientists are investigating the origin and development of the universe. VOCABULARY Doppler effect big bang CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

22. 1 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The Sun is our local star. I. The Sun is our local star. VOCABULARY fusion A. The Sun produces energy from hydrogen. convection B. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers. corona 1. The Sun’s Interior sunspot 2. The Sun’s Atmosphere solar wind 3. Features on the Sun 4. Solar Wind CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

22. 2 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Stars change over their life cycles. II. Stars change over their life cycles. A. We classify stars by their characteristics. 1. Brightness and Distance VOCABULARY light-year parallax nebula 2. Size main sequence 3. Color and Temperature neutron star B. Stars have life cycles. black hole 1. Stages in the Life Cycles of Stars 2. Neutron Stars and Black Holes 3. Star Systems CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

22. 3 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. III. Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. VOCABULARY quasar A. Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy. B. Galaxies vary in appearance. 1. Types of Galaxies 2. Centers of Galaxies CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

22. 4 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The universe is expanding. IV. The universe is expanding. A. Galaxies are moving farther apart in the universe. VOCABULARY Doppler effect big bang 1. Looking Back in Time 2. The Motion of Galaxies B. Scientists are investigating the origin of the universe. 1. Evidence of the Big Bang 2. Development of the Universe CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

CHAPTER HOME Chapter Resources Image Gallery Click here to view chapter images and animations Click on the items below to access resources on CLASSZONE. COM Audio Readings Resource Centers Hear chapter audio readings Get more information on select science topics Content Review Standardized Test Practice Review key concepts and vocabulary Math Tutorial Review math concepts BACK TO CHAPTER Practice state standardized tests