CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Solutions the BIG idea When

CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Solutions the BIG idea When substances dissolve to form a solution, the properties of the mixture change. 8. 1 A solution is a type of mixture. 8. 2 The amount of solute that dissolves can vary. 8. 3 Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 8. 4 Metal alloys are solid mixtures. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

8. 1 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A solution is a type of mixture. • A solution is a mixture in which one or more solutes are dissolved in a solvent. • A solution is a homogeneous mixture. VOCABULARY solution solute solvent suspension Ionic compound dissolved in solvent CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 2 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT The amount of solute that dissolves can vary. • The amount of dissolved solute determines a solution’s concentration. • The more soluble a substance is, the more of it will dissolve in a solution. VOCABULARY concentration dilute saturated solubility CHAPTER RESOURCES Dilute Concentrated SECTION OUTLINE

8. 2 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The amount of solute that dissolves can vary. • The amount of dissolved solute determines a solution’s concentration. • The more soluble a substance is, the more of it will dissolve in a solution. VOCABULARY concentration dilute saturated solubility VISUALIZATION Explore supersaturated solutions and precipitation. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 3 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. • Acids donate protons (H+) in solutions, and bases accept protons in solutions. VOCABULARY acid base ACID HCl BASE Na. OH H 2 O p. H H+ + Na+ + Cl- neutral OHCHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT 8. 3 Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. • Acids donate protons (H+) in solutions, and bases accept protons in solutions. • Acidity is measured by the H+ concentration on the p. H scale. VOCABULARY acid base p. H neutral p. H 0 p. H 2 high H+ concentration 4 6 8 10 12 14 low H+ concentration CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 4 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Metal alloys are solid mixtures. • Many of the metals used in modern transportation and medicine are alloys. VOCABULARY alloy CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 4 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Metal alloys are solid mixtures. • Many of the metals used in modern transportation and medicine are alloys. • The properties of a metal can be changed by adding one or more substances to produce a more useful material. VOCABULARY alloy Common Alloys Alloy Components of Alloy Uses of Alloy (% by mass) Brass Bronze 35% Zinc 65% Copper 12. 5% Tin 87. 5% Copper Musical instruments, faucets, decorative hardware, jewelry Hardware for boats, screws, grillwork CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 4 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Metal alloys are solid mixtures. • Many of the metals used in modern transportation and medicine are alloys. • The properties of a metal can be changed by adding one or more substances to produce a more useful material. VOCABULARY alloy SIMULATION Explore the production of different alloys. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 1 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A solution is a type of mixture. I. A solution is a type of mixture. A. The parts of a solution are mixed evenly. 1. Solutes and Solvents VOCABULARY solution solute 2. Types of Solution solvent 3. Suspension suspension B. Solvent and solute particles interact. C. Properties of solvents change in solutions. 1. Lowering the Freezing Point 2. Raising the Boiling Point CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

8. 2 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The amount of solute that dissolves can vary. II. The amount of solute that dissolves can vary. A. A solution with a high concentration contains a large amount of solute. 1. Degrees of Concentration 2. Supersaturated Solutions 3. Solubility VOCABULARY concentration dilute saturated solubility B. The solubility of a solute can be changed. 1. Temperature and Solubility 2. Pressure and Solubility C. Solubility depends on molecular structure. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

8. 3 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. III. Solutions can be acidic, basic, or neutral. A. Acids and bases have distinct properties. 1. Acids, Bases, and Ions 2. Characteristics of Acids 3. Characteristics of Bases VOCABULARY acid base p. H neutral B. The strengths of acids and bases can be measured. 1. Acid and Base Strength 2. Measuring Acidity C. Acids and bases neutralize each other. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

8. 4 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Metal alloys are solid mixtures. IV. Metal alloys are solid mixtures. A. Humans have made alloys for thousands of years. VOCABULARY alloy B. Alloys have many uses in modern life. 1. Alloys in Transportation 2. Alloys in Medicine 3. Alloys in Space Flight CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

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