Chapter I Application of microbiology Classification of microorganism

Chapter I • Application of microbiology. • Classification of microorganism and their characteristics, nomenclature. • Virus, viroid, prion

Chapter II • DNA basic structure. • Protein basic structure.

Chapter 3 • Basics about microscope, gram staining • Major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes • Transportation cross membrane. • Cell wall structure (both gram+/-)

Chapter 4 • Bacterial growth phases and major characteristics • Calculate cell number with generation time.

Chapter 5 • Basic concepts: – D value – Sterilization – Pastuerization • Microbial control methods – heat – Irradiation – ethanol

Chapter 6 • Basic concepts – Anabolism – Catabolism – Redox reaction • Central metabolic pathway – Glycolysis, Transition, TCA – respiration • Enzyme – Regulation (allosteric, competitive)

Chapter 7 • Basic structure of DNA and RNA • Central dogma – DNA replication (semiconservative, initiation, primer, direction, enzyme) – Transcription (initiation, enzyme, termination, defination of +- sense of DNA) – Translation (codon, anticodon, ribosome, t. RNA, initiation, termination) – Major differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression

Chapter 8 • Spontaneous mutations: base substitution, deletion/addition • Induced mutations: • Repair – UV dimmer – SOS • Basic concepts – – Transduction (specialized, generalized) Conjugation Transformation Ames test

Chapter 9 • Basic tools – Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, electrophoresis • Cloning • PCR

Chapter 13 and 14 --Virus • Viral architecture, characteristics • virus life cycle, characteristic of lysogenic cells. • The characteristics of acute and persistent infections (typical virus for each kind). • Viral genome replication.

Immune system Table 1 Non-specific Immunity Specific Immunity Response is antigenindependent Response is antigendependent There is immediate maximal There is a lag time between response exposure and maximal response Not antigen-specific Exposure results in no immunologic memory Antigen-specific Exposure results in immunologic memory

Innate Immunity • • • Cells (macrophage and neutrophil). Complement system Interferon function Phagocytosis Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity • • B cell clonal selection Antibody structure, classification T cell function, activation Difference between humoral immunity and cellular immunity. • Lymphoid system.

Immunization • Active, passive (examples) • Vaccines – Attenuated (advantage and disadvantage) – Inactivated (whole agents, toxoid, protein subunit, advantage and disadvantage). • Immunological test principle

Immunological Disorders • Hypersensitivities – Type I, Ig. E mediated, characteristics and examples (anaphylaxis, asthma). – Type II, Ig. G mediated (hemolysis of newborn) and Ig. M mediated (blood transfusion). – Type IV, T cell mediated, delayed reaction, examples (contact dermatitis, tissue transplantation rejection) • Immunodeficiency – Ig. A, HIV • Autoimmune disease – Type I diabetes

Chapter 21 • History of antimicrobial drugs/ antibiotics • Antimicrobial drug/antibiotics, bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal, therapeutic index, narrow spectrum, broad spectrum, synergistic, antagonistic, additive • Penicillin family—mechanism, structure, target, • Sulfa drug • mechanism of resistant.