Chapter Eight TechnologyBased Training Methods Objectives O Explain
Chapter Eight Technology-Based Training Methods
Objectives O Explain how new technologies are influencing training O Evaluate a Web-based training site O Explain how learning and transfer of training are enhanced using new technologies Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Objectives O Explain the strengths and limitations of e- learning, mobile technology training methods (such as i. Pads), and simulations O Explain the different types of social media and the conditions conducive to their use for training O Describe the learning various types of distance Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Objectives O Recommend what should be included O Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of traditional vs. technologybased training methods O Identify and explain the benefits of management systems learning Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
A Few Statistics O 15% of training hours in classroom; O 29% online O 39% of hours involve O 79% of companies use learning management systems O 36% of large companies deliver training online, vs 28% of small companies Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Technology’s Influence O greater control over when and where they receive training O greater access to knowledge and expert systems O avatars, virtual reality, and simulations make training “real” O Employees can choose Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Technology’s Influence O The administration conducted electronically O Training accomplishments can be monitored O Training can be easily delivered to trainees Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Technology-Based Methods E-Learning Webcasts Podcasts Mobile Learning Blended Learning Wikis Distance Learning Social Media Shared Workspaces RSS Feeds Blogs Microblogs Discussion Boards MOOCs Adaptive Training Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Technology Facilitates Collaboration O synchronous or asynchronous o Synchronous =interacting live and in time real o Asynchronous non-real time interactions —learners access information and resources when they desire them Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Dynamic Learning O Greater interaction -learners and content, trainers, and other learners O Trainers serving more as resources and coaches O Experts and resources become a part of the learning environment O More training via social media O More training via games and exercises Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Features of Online Learning O Content—content may include graphics, and sound text, video, O Collaboration and sharing—collaboration and sharing can help reinforce content O Links to resources—access to other training methods and electronic performance support Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Features of Online Learning O Learner control— what, when, how, and with whom they learn O O Delivery— internet, intranet, distance learning, and CD-ROM O Administration—online administration of enrollment, monitoring, and trainee progress Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Online Effectiveness more effective than face-to-face for declarative knowledge O Online and classroom are equally effective for procedural knowledge O Learners are equally satisfied with online O Online is and classroom instruction O Online is better than classroom when there’s learner control, practice, and feedback Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Online Effectiveness O Online is better than classroom for long courses O Online and classroom are equally effective when similar methods are used O Trainees who benefit most are those who devote more time O Online learning is not effective for learners with low technology self-efficacy Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Needs Assessment O Evaluate if the organization has the technological infrastructure to deliver training, provide learning resources, and offer technical support O Assess if trainees possess the skills for online learning Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Rapid Prototyping O Rapid prototyping could be used to design a program O Refers to an iterative process where initial design ideas are proposed and provided in rough form in an online working prototype o The prototype is then reviewed and refined Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Refrain from Repurposing O Trainers should avoid repurposing O Repurposing refers to directly translating a face-to-face program to an online format O Repurposing will likely result in ineffective training O - don’t just throw it up online Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Create a Learning Environment O Include visuals and text O Explain complex visuals with audio or text, rather than by both O Omit extraneous visuals, words, and sounds O -not like these slides for this text! O Engage learners through conversational language agents O Explain key concepts prior to full instruction Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Create a Learning Environment O Provide prompts for self-regulation O Provide content in short sequences O Connect modules to engage learners O Provide exercises that parallel the work environment O Distribute exercises within and among modules O Provide explanations to responses on quizzes and exercises Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Learner Control O Do not allow trainees to control the amount of feedback they receive O Provide practice repeatedly using different high fidelity examples O Allow trainees to control the sequence to receive instruction but not to skip O Prompt self-regulation Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Time & Space O Ensure employees are given time and space for online learning O Managers - give employees time in their schedules for training, and employees need to schedule training time away from distractions Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
MOOCs O Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are courses designed to enroll large number of learners, which are free and accessible to anyone with internet access O More companies are working with MOOC providers to design custom courses Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Advantages of MOOCs O Low cost, accessible, and diverse topics O Engaging short lectures combined with interaction (how to do this with large numbers? O Emphasize application using role plays, cases, and projects O Learning is semi-synchronous O Many offer college credit and certificates of completion Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Limitations of MOOCs O Participation tends to drop off after two weeks O Completion rates are low, and most students who do complete courses do not take the credential exam O May not be appropriate for courses where synchronous collaboration is needed o E. g. college courses! Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Social Media O Social media take many forms: Networking Sites (Facebook, Linked. In) Microblogs (Twitter) Blogs Wikis (Wikipedia) Shared Media (You. Tube) Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Blended Learning Traditional Methods Technology. Based Methods Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Blended Learning O Blended learning combines online learning, face-to-face instruction, and other methods O Offers the positive features of face-to-face instruction and technology-based delivery, while minimizing the negative features of each Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Blended Learning O In comparison to pure classroom learning, blended learning: o provides increased learner control o allows for self-directedness o requires learners to take more responsibility o is better for teaching declarative knowledge or information Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Blended Learning O In comparison to pure technology-based learning, blended learning: o provides more face-to-face social interaction o ensures that instruction is presented in a dedicated learning environment o provides live feedback, which is preferable to feedback received online Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Food for Thought Interestingly, trainees prefer classroom instruction to blended learning, perhaps because blended courses may be more demanding. Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
The Flipped Classroom O The flipped classroom is a popular application of blended learning O The classroom is designed for interaction and application; lecturing occurs online O - which do you like better? A lecture, or reading the material? O Instructional content is delivered online and activities, including those that may have traditionally been considered homework, are moved to the classroom Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Games & Simulations O Branching story—trainees are presented with a story, make decisions, and progress based on decisions O Interactive spreadsheet—trainees are given a set of business tools and make decisions O Game-based—trainees play a video game O Virtual—trainees interact with a computer representative of the job Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Games O Consider the following when designing games: o What is the business objective? o What behavior or tasks will be learned? o How many levels and players? o Will everyone have access to the same technology? o Is the game fun and engaging? o Does the game provide feedback and leaderboards, meters, or badges? Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Advantages of Simulations O There is no need for a centralized training location O There is meaningful and engaging content O They provide a consistent message O They can safely put employees in situations that would otherwise be dangerous O They can yield positive outcomes in a shorter amount of time Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Limitations of Simulations O High development costs O Absence of human contact O Difficulty for first-time users O May not be taken seriously by all learners Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Mobile Technology & Learning O It is an easy way to communicate up-to-date information to employees O It can be useful for enhancing transfer by providing follow-up O It brings training to employees who are mobile O Learners can complete training on their own time and pace Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Adaptive Training O Training that customizes content based on a trainee’s learning style, ability, personality, or performance O Adaptations include variety, difficulty, and sequencing of content and practice O Instruction changes based on trainees’ scores on assessments completed before training or throughout training Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Distance Learning O Distance learning is used by geographically dispersed companies and features two-way communications between people O Involves teleconferencing and individualized, computer-based training O Interactive Distance Learning (IDL) uses satellite technology to broadcast and allows trainees to respond to questions using a keypad Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Distance Learning O Guidelines for developing a virtual classroom: o test technology before the first class o design short modules and assignments o make learning interactive and interesting o include media such as video and audio o limit classroom size to 25 or less o offer learners multiple ways of interacting with others Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Technology for Training Support O Technological support is needed when: o performance is infrequent o the task is time-consuming and difficult o the consequences of error are severe o information and procedures frequently change o employee turnover is high o little time and few resources for training o employees are responsible for their learning and performance Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Expert Systems O Expert systems organize and apply the knowledge of experts to specific problems O Used when problems and decisions exceed an employee’s current skill set O Help employees make sense of different conditions and keep track of tasks to be completed Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Expert Systems O Expert systems have three elements: o a knowledge base that includes facts, figures, and rules o a decision-making capability that draws conclusions from this information to solve problems o a user interface that gathers and gives information to the user Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
Electronic Performance Support Systems O An EPSS is an electronic infrastructure that captures, stores, and distributes knowledge throughout an organization o Enhances performance in the fastest time possible with minimal support from others O Includes all software needed to support work, beyond one or two applications Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
LM S O LMSs are technology platforms o automate the administration, development, and delivery of all a company’s training programs O LMSs centralize o learning activities, o track regulatory compliance, o measure training usage, o assess employee performance, o determine training needs Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
What’s Best? O Simulations, games, and adaptive training are suited for complex processes O Online training and MOOCs are suited for facts, figures, cognitive strategies, and interpersonal skills O If realistic, online training and simulations can be useful for interpersonal skills O Mobile learning is best suited for facts O Mobile learning and social media are best used as supplements to live training Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
When Should Technology be Used? O There is an adequate budget and resources O Trainees are geographically dispersed and travel costs would be high O Trainees are comfortable with technology O Use of new technology fits into the organizational culture or business strategy O Employees would have a difficult time attending traditional training Copyright © 2017 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education.
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