Chapter 9 The Era of Thomas Jefferson 1800

Chapter 9 The Era of Thomas Jefferson 1800 -1815 Section 3: A Time of Conflict LEQ: How did Jefferson respond to threats to the security of the nation?

What you will do 1. Discuss how the United States defeated the Barbary States. 2. Explain how the war in Europe hurt American trade. 3. Discuss the cause and effects of the Embargo Act.

What you will Know Barbary States Tribute Impressment Embargo Barbary Pirates

Background Knowledge q In the last section, we learned how Jefferson expanded the country’s border to the west – Louisiana Purchase q In this section, you will learn how the United States dealt with foreign powers and how American Neutrality was threatened.

Defeating the Barbary States q Defeating the Barbary States – 4 small countries on the North African coast 1. Morocco 2. Algiers 3. Tunisia 4. Tripoli – After the American Revolution • Pirates began attacking American ships in the Mediterranean Sea

Por tug al France Spain Italy

Defeating the Barbary States • Barbary Pirates raided… – European and American ships – Taking property – Enslaving sailors • Holding them for ransom • To stop the raids, European and American Governments paid… – Tribute • Money paid by one country to another in return for protection

Defeating the Barbary States • Thomas Jefferson stopped the practice of tribute • Instead of paying tribute… • Jefferson sent war ships to the Mediterranean – To protect American merchant ships • At first this did not work, but… • Eventually the United States was able to deal with… – Foreign powers that threatened American – Security and prosperity

• Barbary Wars the past is present • During the video write… – 3 key facts about the Barbary Wars – 2 things you found interesting about the Barbary wars – 1 connection from the past to the present

American Neutrality is Challenged q. A more serious threat to Americans overseas – Britain and France • By 1803… – Britain and France were at war – American merchant ships supplied both countries • Problem… – Both British and French warships seized American ships trading with both countries – Britain began • Impressment

American Neutrality is Challenged • Impressment – The act of forcing a person into service • As a result of impressment – Thousands of American sailors were force to serve in the British navy

George III of England Napoleon of France What is the meaning of this political cartoon?

Jefferson responds with an Embargo q Jefferson looks for peaceful methods to force Britain and France to respect American neutrality • Jefferson decides to use… – Embargo • A government order that forbids foreign trade – In 1807, Congress passed the Embargo Act • Total embargo on American ships sailing to any foreign port

Jefferson responds with an Embargo • Effects of the Embargo Act of 1807 – American exports fell from $109 million to $25 million – Prices of American crops declined – Tens of thousands of Americans lost their jobs • American reaction to the embargo – Anger – Smuggling • In 1809, Congress – Repealed the Embargo Act – Reopened foreign trade with foreign countries • Except Britain and France

Check on Learning 1. How did European countries protect themselves against raids by the Barbary pirates? 2. What was impressment? 3. Why did Jefferson place an embargo on foreign goods in 1807? 4. How many countries made up the Barbary States? List them. 5. How did Jefferson respond to the Barbary pirates? 6. What peaceful method did Jefferson use to force Britain and France to respect America’s neutrality? Did it work? 7. What was Americas reaction to Jefferson’s peaceful plan? 8. What happened to Jefferson’s peaceful plan? 9. Summary. Use complete sentences to summarize what you learned in this section. Answer the LEQ in your summary.