Chapter 9 Section 1 Objectives Describe the outcome
Chapter 9 Section 1 Objectives • Describe the outcome of the election of 1800. • Explain Jefferson’s policies as President. • Discuss the importance of Marbury v. Madison. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Focus: Thursday, January 30 th Benchmark LA 7. 1. 6. 8 Student will determine the main idea or essential message in grade-level or higher texts through inferring, paraphrasing, summarizing, and identifying relevant details. Review: Read third paragraph, pg. 301 • Based on the third paragraph, what is the meaning of the word nullify ? • A. engage • B. obliterate • C. annul • D. state Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Objective-Unit Learning Goal Students will be able to discuss the election of 1800 and the accomplishments of Thomas Jefferson as well as the establishment of Judicial Review with 90% accuracy. EQ: How did Americans respond to the internal and external challenges of creating a new Nation. Write the ULG in your Student Progress Chart. -F-(2 -3) Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Terms and People • Thomas Jefferson – third President of the United States, elected in 1800 • Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in the 1800 election • laissez faire – the idea that the government should not interfere in the economy • John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under President Jefferson • judicial review – the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 How did Jefferson chart a new course for the government? In 1800, President John Adams ran for reelection against Thomas Jefferson. Federalists supported John Adams. Jefferson Takes Office Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson.
Chapter 9 Section 1 The election of 1800 was viciously contested. Federalists threatened civil war if Jefferson were elected. Republicans accused John Adams of creating a monarchy. By receiving 73 electoral votes, Jefferson defeated Adams. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 However, Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of votes. Thomas Jefferson - 73 Votes Aaron Burr - 73 Votes Jefferson The House of Representatives had to break the tie. They voted for Jefferson to be President and Burr to be Vice President. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 To avoid this situation in the future, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment From 1804 on, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D. C. , the new capital. Jefferson chose a less aristocratic ceremony. At Jefferson’s In the inauguration: past: Jefferson The President walked rode to to the ceremony. inauguration in a fancy carriage. People did not bow. They shook People bowed Jefferson’s hand. to the President. In his inaugural address, Jefferson urged all Americans to unite. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Jefferson thought of his election as the “Revolution of 1800. ” Jefferson vowed to change many of the policies of George Washington and John Adams. His first goal was to limit the power of the federal government. Jefferson Takes Office He believed in the idea of laissez faire, from the French term for “let alone. ”
Chapter 9 Section 1 Jefferson created new Republican policies and kept some existing Federalist policies. Republican Jefferson Takes Office Federalist
Chapter 9 Section 1 Jefferson also targeted the Sedition Act, which he had long opposed. Many people had been convicted and fined under the act. Jefferson ordered the fines refunded. Others had been imprisoned. Jefferson released the prisoners. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 One Federalist who did not keep his job was Judge William Marbury. Adams had appointed Marbury and other judges in his last hours as President. Jefferson Takes Office When Jefferson took office, he ordered Secretary of State James Madison to cease work on the appointments.
Chapter 9 Section 1 Jefferson’s decision led to the landmark Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury sued James Madison. Marbury cited the Judiciary Act of 1789. Jefferson Takes Office This act gave the Supreme Court the power to review any case against a federal official.
Chapter 9 Section 1 In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ruled that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. Under the Judiciary Act, the Supreme Court’s power came from Congress. The ruling stated that the Court’s power came from the Constitution, not Congress. Supreme Court Congress Constitution Therefore, Congress did not have the right to give power to the Supreme Court in the Judiciary Act. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Chief Justice John Marshall used this case to establish the principle of judicial review. This gives the Supreme Court the authority to strike down unconstitutional laws. Unconstitutional laws Judicial review remains one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Reading Skill: Identify Chains of Cause and Effect Cause: Election of 1800 hotly contested Effect/Cause: Adams defeated by Republicans Jefferson and Burr Effect/Cause: House Cause: Jefferson tells Madison to stop work on judges Adams had named Effect/Cause: Jefferson Takes Office Effect: 12 th Amendment: Effect:
Chapter 9 Section 1 Daily Agenda Read: • Text-310 -313 -Thinking Map-Multi-Flow Map (Cause/Effect) Critical thinking: Analyze the Situation: What were some of Jefferson’s changes to the govt. ? How did the powers of the Supreme court change? Do you agree with the changes? Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Reading Skill: Identify Chains of Cause and Effect Cause: Election of 1800 hotly contested Effect/Cause: Adams defeated by Republicans Jefferson and Burr Effect/Cause: House chooses Jefferson as president Effect: 12 th Amendment: separate electoral votes for president, vice president Cause: Jefferson tells Madison to stop work on judges Adams had named Effect/Cause: Marbury sues Madison based on Judiciary Act Effect/Cause: Marshall writes Supreme Court decision Effect: Marshall’s decision establishes principle of judicial review Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Let’s Discuss. . . • Turn to your partner and discuss one thing about today’s objective and ULG you are sure about. • Now discuss one thing you are not clear about or may need some extra help to understand. • Where do you think you are in today's learning goal scales? Why? Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Home Learning. Thesis: Based on your reading, write a thesis statement about Jefferson’s influence on American Govt. Jefferson Takes Office
Chapter 9 Section 1 Reflection • • • Where do you think you are on today’s Unit learning goal? Rate yourself 1 -4. (1 - I did not try very hard-and do not understand the lesson and 4 - I gave it my best-and understand today’s lesson) To move up a level, what do you think you need to do? Are you clear about the lesson so far? Are you confused about anything? Is there anything you can do to enhance your learning today? • Write your reflection answering all questions/below your summary. • Complete your student progress chart Have a nice day Jefferson Takes Office
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