Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation 9 6 Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fission In nuclear fission, • a large nucleus is bombarded with a small

Nuclear Fission When a neutron bombards 235 U, • an unstable nucleus of 236

Nuclear Fission Diagram Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Learning Check Supply the missing atomic symbol to complete the equation for the following

Solution 1 n 0 + 235 U 92 137 Te 52 + 97 Zr

Chain Reaction A chain reaction occurs • when a critical mass of uranium undergoes

Nuclear Power Plants In nuclear power plants, • fission is used to produce energy.

Nuclear Fusion • occurs at extremely high temperatures (100 000°C). • combines small nuclei

Fusion: small nuclei form larger nuclide, release energy Small nuclei come together to form

Learning Check Indicate if each of the following describes 1) nuclear fission or 2)

Solution Indicate if each of the following is 1) nuclear fission or 2) nuclear

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Nuclear Fission In nuclear fission, • a large nucleus is bombarded with a small particle. • the nucleus splits into smaller nuclei and several neutrons. • large amounts of energy are released. 2

Nuclear Fission When a neutron bombards 235 U, • an unstable nucleus of 236 U undergoes fission (splits). • smaller nuclei are produced such as Kr-91 and Ba-142. • neutrons are released to bombard more 235 U. 1 n 0 + 235 U 92 “ 236 U” 92 91 Kr 36 + 142 Ba + 3 1 n + 56 Energy 0 3

Learning Check Supply the missing atomic symbol to complete the equation for the following nuclear fission reaction. 1 n 0 + 235 U 92 137 Te 52 + ? X + 2 1 n + energy ? 0 5

Solution 1 n 0 + 235 U 92 137 Te 52 + 97 Zr + 2 1 n + energy 40 0 6

Chain Reaction A chain reaction occurs • when a critical mass of uranium undergoes fission. • releasing a large amount of heat and energy that produces an atomic explosion. 7

Nuclear Power Plants In nuclear power plants, • fission is used to produce energy. • control rods in the reactor absorb neutrons to slow and control the chain reactions of fission. 8

Nuclear Fusion • occurs at extremely high temperatures (100 000°C). • combines small nuclei into larger nuclei. • releases large amounts of energy. • occurs continuously in the sun and stars. 9

Fusion: small nuclei form larger nuclide, release energy Small nuclei come together to form larger nuclide, releasing energy This type of Fusion is being Examined as An alternative Energy source On Earth. 10

Learning Check Indicate if each of the following describes 1) nuclear fission or 2) nuclear fusion. ___ A. ___ B. ___ C. ___ D. ___ E. a nucleus splits. large amounts of energy are released. small nuclei form larger nuclei. hydrogen nuclei react. several neutrons are released. 11

Solution Indicate if each of the following is 1) nuclear fission or 2) nuclear fusion. 1 1, 2 2 2 1 A. B. C. D. E. a nucleus splits. large amounts of energy are released. small nuclei form larger nuclei. hydrogen nuclei react. several neutrons are released. 12