Chapter 9 Lecture South Asia Lecture by AAK

Chapter 9 Lecture South Asia Lecture by: AAK © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Outcomes • Describe the physiographic regions, environmental hazards, and mineral resources of South Asia and explain how some land uses contribute to environmental destruction, while others promote sustainability. • Describe the pattern of the monsoon climate, explain its origins, and identify the key adaptations people in the region use to cope with change and uncertainty. • Provide examples of rulers, governments, and economic systems that historically put South Asia at the center of global trade, and explain how this position was later exploited and overridden by colonial governance. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Outcomes • Identify the major engines of recent rapid South Asian economic expansion and discuss the uneven benefits of expansion. • Describe the key relationships and borders that present the greatest current geopolitical challenges for South Asia. • Summarize the characteristics of the region’s major religions and languages and explain how global connections have interacted with the region’s traditional cultures and emerging consumer cultures. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

South Asia • Densely populated • Booming urbanization • Rising middle class © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Geological Resources, Risk, and Water • Peninsular Highlands – Deccan Plateau • Mountain Rim – Himalayas and Karakoram • Plains, deltas, rivers – Indo-Gangetic Plain – bulk of South Asia’s population • Coastal fringe © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Environment, Society, and Sustainability • Monsoons © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Climate and Climate Change • Monsoon – – low pressure over Asia orographic effect unpredictable spatial unevenness © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Climate and Climate Change (cont. ) • • • Less frequent but more intense typhoons Sea-level rise Increase in drought events Himalayan glaciers Increased incidence of disease © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Geological Resources, Risk, and Water (cont. ) • Flooding hazard – 79– 158 inches annually – failed dams and levees © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Geological Resources, Risk, and Water (cont. ) • Energy and mineral resources – sandstone and marble – iron ore, gold, copper, mica – oil, coal, bauxite • Sustainability – solar cities • Arsenic contamination – tube wells © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Ecology, Land, and Environmental Management (cont. ) • Resource stress – heavily rural population – water needs in cities • Environmental pollution – untreated wastewater – motor vehicle emissions © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Conserving Wildlife • Red List – species extinctions – Bengal tigers – Indian vultures © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

History, Economy, and Territory/Historical Legacies and Landscapes • Indus Valley Civilization – c 5000 BC Mohenjodaro and Harappa – organized cities – trade links to other world regions © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Historical Legacies and Landscapes (cont. ) • Early empires – Mauryan Empire – c 300 BC – Gupta Empire • Mughals – Islam – highly organized administrative structure © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Historical Legacies and Landscapes (cont. ) • British colonialism – – dependency the Raj Great Game plantation agriculture © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Historical Legacies and Landscapes (cont. ) • Indian National Congress Party • Partition – Mohandas Gandhi – independence granted in 1947 – refugees and violence © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Economy, Accumulation, and the Production of Inequality • New South Asian economy – second-fastest growing economy – call centers – medical tourism – Tourism and Mount Everest - Sherpa © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Economy, Accumulation, and the Production of Inequality (cont. ) • Inequality and poverty – overcrowding in cities • slums • Afghanistan and opium – poverty • Grameen Bank • microfinance © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Territory and Politics • Indo-Pakistani conflicts – – Kashmir legacy of partition both countries with nuclear capabilities terror attacks © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Territory and Politics (cont. ) • Afghanistan – – Mujahideen Taliban and al-Qaeda War on Terror Drones • Osama bin Laden © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Culture and Populations/Religion and Language • Religion – Hinduism • karma • dharma – Islam – Buddhism • Bhutan and Sri Lanka – Jainism, Sikhism, Christianity © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Religion and Language (cont. ) • Religious identity and politics – religious conservatism – Hindutva © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Religion and Language (cont. ) • Language – 1, 600 different languages – prevalence of Hindi and Tamil – English as the lingua franca © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cultural Practices, Social Differences, and Identity • • Caste Jati Endogamous Adivasi © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cultural Practices, Social Differences, and Identity (cont. ) • Status of women – purdah – dowry • Popular culture – Western-style materialism – Bollywood – food © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Gross National Happiness • Bhutan • World Happiness Report – Satisfaction with Life Index © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Demography and Urbanization • Fast growing region • Only about 30% urban, but many Megacities • Very densely populated © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Demographic Change • Declining growth – India and Sri Lanka – educational and economic changes – zero population growth (ZPG) • Kerala state • Male–female sex ratios © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Demographic Change (cont. ) • Urbanization – highly rural world region (70%) – rural-to-urban migration increasing • South Asian diaspora – brain drain © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Future Geographies • Afghanistan – relations with Pakistan and India • Zero population growth • Food technologies – genetically modified organisms (GMOs) • India’s economy vs. China’s economy © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

End of Chapter 9 © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.