Chapter 9 Introductions Conclusions Your Aim for an

Your Aim for an Effective Introduction and Conclusion: • Introductions: • A. • B.

I. INTRODUCTIONS • Four Elements in an Introduction are: • 1. Gain Attention/Interest of

1. Eight ways to Gain Attention & Interest • 1. Relate the topic to

II. Reveal the Topic • 1. Clearly state topic to avoid confusing audience •

III. Establish Your Credibility & Good Will • 1. Audience sees credible speakers: appearance

IV. Preview the Main Points (Body) of Speech • 1. Preview (state) all main

Five Tips to Follow when Preparing an Introduction • 1. Be Relatively Brief •

II. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions have Two Functions: I. Signals the End of the speech A.

Two Functions cont. 2. Reinforces Understanding/Commitment of the Central Idea A. Summarize Main Points

Two Functions cont. Four Tips to Follow in Conclusion Prep: 1. Look for closing

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Chapter 9 Introductions & Conclusions

Your Aim for an Effective Introduction and Conclusion: • Introductions: • A. • B. • Create a Favorable First Impression Self-confidence is built with a Solid Intro. Conclusion: • A. • B. One Last chance to Emphasize Main Points Creates Favorable Final Impression

I. INTRODUCTIONS • Four Elements in an Introduction are: • 1. Gain Attention/Interest of Audience (Intro self) • 2. Reveal the Topic • 3. Establish Credibility & Good Will of Speaker • 4. Preview the Body (Main Points) of Speech

1. Eight ways to Gain Attention & Interest • 1. Relate the topic to the Audience • 2. State the Importance of Topic • 3. You could Startle the Audience • 4. Arouse Curiosity • 5. Use a Question • 6. Quotation • 7. Tell a Story / Testimonial • 8. Other: Participation, volunteer, drama, visual aid, relate to previous speech

II. Reveal the Topic • 1. Clearly state topic to avoid confusing audience • 2. Even in the case of a demonstration speech where items are visible

III. Establish Your Credibility & Good Will • 1. Audience sees credible speakers: appearance • 2. Whatever your qualifications, let them know • “After • conducting research. . . ” “With my experience. . . ” 3. Good Will shows audience you have their best interest in mind. • “I would like to discuss (to assist) you in being better prepared for earthquakes” •

IV. Preview the Main Points (Body) of Speech • 1. Preview (state) all main points you will discuss. It tells Audience what to listen for and expect. • 2. Provides a smooth transition into Body of speech • 3. Provides opportunity, if needed, to list definitions of terms or concepts you will be using

Five Tips to Follow when Preparing an Introduction • 1. Be Relatively Brief • 2. When researching, Keep a Lookout for interesting material • 3. Be Creative (refer to “gaining attentions” material) • 4. You will possibly “Fine-Tune” your intro after the Body of your speech is finished • 5. You should Memorize the Intro. Know it well so your delivery will be effective: strong eye contact and confident delivery

II. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions have Two Functions: I. Signals the End of the speech A. Abrupt endings leave listeners surprised and unfulfilled. B. You may signal by saying, “In conclusion. . . ” or “One last thought. . . ” C. Your style of delivery or body language could be another signal.

Two Functions cont. 2. Reinforces Understanding/Commitment of the Central Idea A. Summarize Main Points B. Conclude with a Quotation C. End with a Dramatic Statement D. Refer Back to Intro: story, quote etc.

Two Functions cont. Four Tips to Follow in Conclusion Prep: 1. Look for closing material when researching 2. Conclude with a Bang, instead of whimper. DON’T APOLOGIZE 3. Don’t be long-winded. NEVER pick up forgotten items or ideas 4. Needs to be memorable, take special care to prepare conclusion -end-