Chapter 9 Federalist Era 1789 1800 Lesson 1

Chapter 9: Federalist Era 1789 -1800 Lesson 1: The First President EQ: What are the characteristics of a leader?

Home Learning: Define Vocabulary Chapter 9, Lesson 1 • • precedent cabinet bond tariff

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists • Constitution was written, but it had to be ratified (agreed) to by the states. • People in favor of the Constitution= FEDERALISTS. • People opposed to the Constitution = ANTI-FEDERALISTS.

Federalism • A system of gov. in which power is shared between the (federal) gov. and the state goverments. State Governments Federal Government

Federal vs. State Gov. Federalists Anti-federalists • Favor Federal gov. stronger than the State governments. Constitution took too much power away from state gov. Did not guarantee people’s rights. Afraid that the federal gov. would become too powerful, like the kings.

Federalists Anti-federalists Supported removing some Wanted important political powers from the states and giving powers to remain with the states more powers to the Federal Government Favored dividing powers among Wanted the Legislative Branch to different branches of government have more power than the Executive Branch Proposed a single person to lead the Executive Branch Feared that a strong executive might become a king or a tyrant Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

The Federalist Papers • Three politicians wrote The Federalist Papers and printed in New York newspapers. • The papers argued in favor of ratifying the Constitution. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers.

• Nation was divided between Federalists and the Anti – federalists. • Federalists outnumbered the Anti-federalists. • Founding Fathers didn’t want the country to be divided. • So, they agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. • This convinced all states to ratify the constitution.

The Bill of Rights • James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights • He added these ten amendments to the Constitution—all states agreed. • In 1791 these rights became law.

Activity: Washington Takes Office Read Washington Takes Office (pg. 252254) • Create a Presidential Profile Categories to Include: – Year he takes office – Name Vice President – Accomplishment: Identify and explain one of Washington’s accomplishments in detail. – Write two paragraphs: • Explain his accomplishment. • Why do you think his accomplishment is important?

Washington Takes Office 1. Election a. Elected in 1789 b. Vice President John Adams c. Washington established precedents (traditions) followed by other presidents d. Accomplishments a. b. Judiciary Act of 1789 set up court system Bill of Rights protects civil liberties ( ex. freedom of speech)

2. Washington’s Cabinet a. Three Departments & two Offices i. State Dept. : manages foreign relations - Thomas Jefferson ii. Dept. of Treasury: handles financial matters – Alexander Hamilton iii. Dept. of War: provided for the nations defense http: //www. history. com/topics/uspresidents/georgewashington/videos/george-washingtonsprecedents iv. Attorney General: Handles legal affairs - Edmound Randolph

Alex Hamilton Fixes the Economy USA in Financial Trouble – Federal gov. was in debt after the American Revolution –owes to foreign countries and to American citizens – US federal government issued bonds (paper notes) promising to pay back in certain length of time. – The gov. needs to pay this debt!

Hamilton's Plan to Pay Debt Plan: Pay Back Debt • Pay back borrowed money to other countries and individual American citizens; also pay off the debt of state governments. Opposition to Hamilton • Southern states didn’t want the federal government to pay ALL states’ debt = Southern states had built less debt than Northern States. Hamilton’s Solution • To win support of Southern States = the state capital is moved to the South = Washington, DC (between Maryland Virginia).

Hamilton and the Bank To build a STRONG National Economy • Plan: Hamilton asked Congress to create a National Bank. • Bank will print a single type of money for ALL States • Opposed by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson who believed the bank would only help the wealthy—Washington supported it.

Hamilton and the Tariff Plan: He proposes a tariff (tax on imports from foreign countries) to help American companies – Foreign products are EXPENSIVE, American made products are AFFORABLE

EXTRA, EXTRA: Read all about Alexander’s Plan to Fix the US Economy Now that you know about Alex Hamilton. Write a newspaper article reporting on his three plans to fix the US economy. Use your book: pg. 255 -57 and notes REMEMBER: What, Who, When, Where, Why, and How? September 18, 1789

Before you Advertise • As you watch the video answer the following questions? – Why did President Washington choose Washington, DC (located between Virginia and Maryland) as our capital? – What was Washington DC like before it was built? http: //www. history. com/topics/usstates/washington-dc/videos/washington-dc

Activity: The new capital Washington, DC. • Make an advertisement to gain support for locating the United States capital in Washington DC. • You must: 1. Write a description of the location 2. List the benefits of the new location 3. Explain why Alexander Hamilton wants to move the capital to Washington DC. http: //www. history. com/topics/us-states/washington-dc/videos/washington-dc