Chapter 9 Cross Sections Labeling Cross Sections Labeling
Chapter 9 Cross Sections & Labeling
Cross Sections & Labeling • Objectives Ø Create cross sections along a previously designed corridor. Ø Annotate proposed cross sections.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections Ø Extracts multiple cross sections and draws them in a matrix pattern. These sections are subsequently used for cross section sheets and earthwork calculations. Only the surfaces that you select when you initiate the command are displayed in the cross sections.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø The Create Cross Section application slices through the 3 D design model at specified even intervals or customized cross section locations. It is important that a template drop location exists in the design corridor at each station location where proposed cross sections are intended to be generated. We do this to avoid interpolation between template drop locations. For example, if a design called for a template drop every 20 feet but the user wanted to create cross sections at a 10 foot interval, every other section would be interpolated and risks a chance of the proposed finished grade and existing ground not precisely connecting. In the Mo. DOT workspace, several design stages exist that may be assigned to any Corridor, which will directly affect the
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø Corridor Design Stages directly affect the interval of template drops. When creating a Corridor, one of the prompts will ask the user for the Template Drop Interval. The user should always key in the desired final interval. Then, based on the Corridor Design Stage selected, the template drop interval will be increased by the design stage template drop interval multiplier. For example, the template drop interval multiplier for the Preliminary Design Stage is 40. So if a user puts in a final template drop interval of 10 and then selects the Preliminary Design stage, the corridor design will contain a template drop every 400 feet or 10 x 40 = 400. This concept has been adopted to allow for very fast model processing in the Preliminary Design stage.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Template Drop Multiplier Ø The following example uses a Template Drop interval of 5’ Stage Multiplier Resultant Processing Interval Description As corridor is determined, areas of impacts and issues can be reviewed. Preliminary 40 200 Used for general design work, until high level of accuracy is required towards the end of the project. Design 20 100 Used for cross section sheets with 25 or 50 feet between sections. Final 5 25
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø When cross sections are created, the application automatically creates a DGN Drawing Model and writes the cross sections to that Model. The user is granted the opportunity to name the Drawing Model before it gets created. By default, the name will correspond to the name of the alignment the cross sections are being developed along. It is acceptable practice to cut multiple sets of cross sections in the same DGN file. Each time cross sections are created, they will be drawn to a new and differently named DGN Drawing Model
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø Mo. DOT utilizes 3 different scaled sheet labels, 1 Geopak cross section cell and 1 Geopak cross section cell with a grid and axis.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Create Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø Finally, the created proposed cross sections are not presently “dynamic”. Thus, if the design model changes, the user would be required to re-create the cross sections. GEOPAK SS 4 does contain a Dynamic Cross Section viewer, which does dynamically update as the model undergoes continued design updates. Before re-creating the proposed cross sections, the user may choose to delete the previously created DGN Drawing Model.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Annotate Cross Sections Ø Annotate Cross Sections places text describing the characteristics of cross sections that were previously placed in the drawing file. These characteristics can include slope, width, elevation, and offsets. The cross sections may have been placed with any of the crosssection extraction and display options. Ø The Points, Features, and Segments leafs are used as master switches to turn on or off annotation for points, segments, or features. For example, if Include Points is not checked, no point annotation appears in cross sections. If Include Points is checked, points will be annotated.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Annotate Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø The Annotate Cross Section application has the ability to label any particular cross section model present in the active DGN file including models that are not active.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Annotate Cross Sections (cont. ) Ø Several preferences are provided in the Mo. DOT workspace. The scales of 5, 10 and 20 support the cross section settings in the Mo. DOT create cross section tool. Ø Using Mo. DOT’s default preferences will allow for quick and easy annotations.
Cross Sections & Labeling • Cross Section Viewer
Place Border • Cut Plansheet (Cookie Cutter) with the Export option is no more • New Place Border tool
Place Border
Chapter 10 End-Area Volumes
End-Area Volumes • Earthwork is now End-Area Volume
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Dialog– Cross Section Model lists all the existing cross-section models, which are groups of extracted cross sections that are assigned unique identification numbers. From this list, select a set of cross sections to use as the basis for End-Area volume calculations. When you select a cross section model from this list, the command places a region/fence in the drawing file around the cross sections that compose the model.
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Dialog– Surface/Type Under the General Section lists surfaces and corridors in the selected cross section model. The default type for a new surface is ”Existing”. The default type for surfaces created by Corridor Modeling is ”Design”. You may change the types to: Existing, Design, Substratum, None, or Subgrade using the Surface Properties command.
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Dialog– Method • Standard - employs the average end-area method for computing volumes. • Correct for Curvature - compensates for sections in a curve by computing the centroid offset and applying the correction to cut and fill.
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Dialog– Create XML Report option will open the Bentley Civil Report Browser. The XML file contains cross section information and more detailed volume information.
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Leaf Additional method to calculate unsuitable materials Controls how volumes are calculated and reported for individual materials Specifies aggregate cut and fill factors for given materials over a range of stations Specifies sections where you do not wish to compute volumes Adds additional cut or fill values to the adjusted volumes Applies forced balance at a given cross section station and apply it to either cut or fill. Forced balance allows you to balance your cut and fill to zero at critical points, such as a bridge, where hauling across may be impractical.
End-Area Volumes • End-Area Volume Leaf Calculates volumes incrementally as the road is being built Annotates existing cross sections with area and volume information
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