Chapter 9 AP World History ISLAM Islam in
- Slides: 8
Chapter 9: AP World History ISLAM
Islam in Ten Minutes
Political Muhammad (570 -632 CE) Hijra to Medina in 622 CE Return to Mecca in 630 CE Caliphs – successors Caliphates Abu Bakr Ali ‘Rightfully Guided’ Umayyad Dynasty 661 -751 CE Damascus, Syria Southern Spain Abbasid Dynasty 750 -1258 CE Baghdad, Mesopotamia Fatamids, Samanids, Buyids
Social Strongly Patriarchal No public role, veiling Slavery ‘People of the Book’ Umma Mohammad’s community Five Pillars of Islam One God is Allah 5 Prayers facing Mecca Fasting Alms giving Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Interaction with Geography Location Arabian interior; out of ‘sight’ Desert in the north S. Arabia as inhabitable; urban Contact via caravan trade Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, E. Europe, N. Africa, S. Spain
Cultural - 1 Islam arises from polytheism Christianity, Judaism & Zoroastrianism influence Ka’ba as pilgrimage site Judgment Day belief Islam – ‘surrender’ Muslim – ‘one who submits’ No forced conversion Spread via trade Major sects Sunni and Shi’a Ulama – religious scholars
Cultural - 2 Sharia – Islamic law Sunna – Mohammad’s example Hadith – stories of Muhammad’s life Umayyad Caliphate Southern Spain Berber, Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab Abbasid Caliphate ‘Golden Age’ in Baghdad Arabian Nights Greek & Roman translations Math and science
Economic N to S caravan routes in W. Arabia Trade between Byzantines and Sasanids Wealth from taxes of conquered territories Agriculture and trade Islam grew faster in urban trade areas Conquered paid ‘faith tax’