Chapter 8 The Skeletal System The appendicular Skeleton

Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: The appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton • Girdles – Pectoral or shoulder – Pelvic • Upper Limbs – – Arm Forearm Wrist Hand • Lower Limbs – Thigh – Leg – Foot 7 -2

Pectoral Girdle • Scapula (2) – Acromion process • Forms protective cover • Attachment for clavicle • Attachment for muscles – Coracoid process • Attachment for muscles – Glenoid cavity • Articulates with humerus • Clavicle (2) 7 -3

Arm • Humerus – Head • Anatomic and surgical – Neck – Tubercles • Greater and lesser – Intertubercular groove – Deltoid tuberosity – Capitulum • Articulates with radius – Trochlea • Articulates with ulna – Epicondyles 7 -4

Forearm • Radius – Thumb side – Most commonly fractured bone in 50+ years people • Ulna – – Little finger side Trochlear notch Olecranon process Coronoid process 7 -5

Wrist and Hand • Wrist – 8 carpal bones • Hand – 5 metacarpals (palm of hand) – Phalanges 7 -6

Pelvis • Coxae: Right and Left – Ilium – Ischium • Sit down bone – Pubis • Pubic symphysis • Acetabulum • Obturator foramen • Sacrum 7 -7

Male and Female Pelvis 7 -8

Thigh • Femur – Head – Neck – Trochanters • Greater and lesser – Condyles • Medial and lateral – Epicondyles • Medial and lateral • Patella or kneecap 7 -9

Leg • Tibia – Larger and supports most of weight – Tibial tuberosity – Condyles – Medial malleolus • Fibula – Articulates with tibia not femur – Lateral malleolus 7 -10

Foot • Tarsals (7) • Metatarsals (5) • Phalanges 7 -11

Arches of the Foot • Function – Distribute weight of body between heel and ball of foot • Three major arches – Transverse arch – Longitudinal arches: Medial and lateral 7 -12