CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL MUSCULAR SYSTEM The functions

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM • The functions of the skeleton are: – support – allow movement – protection. © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM • A joint is where bones meet. • Most joints allow movement to take place. • Muscles are protein structures that can contract. • Muscles cause bones to move. © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM Tendons connect muscle to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone. An antagonistic pair is two muscles which pull in opposite directions. © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM • Joints can be: – fused or fixed (where there is no movement between the bones), e. g. the skull © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM – freely movable or synovial which are of two types: (i) ball and socket joints which allow movement in all directions, e. g. shoulders and hips © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology

CHAPTER 8 THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM (ii) hinge joints which allow movement in one direction only, e. g. elbows and knees. © Edco 2007 Exploring Science Biology