Chapter 8 The New Government Begins 1 Organizing

Chapter 8; The New Government Begins 1 Organizing the New Government 2 War Clouds 3 Rise of Political Parties 4 John Adams as President

Big Questions • How is a young country like the United States in the 1790 s taken seriously by other countries? What makes us ‘legit’? • How do we create and keep a strong economy? Taxes? Borrowing? • What do you do when people in your new country don’t want to follow your new rules?

Organizing the New Government • Everyone, especially Britain, thought we would fail – No Republic in history had succeeded • We didn’t even know how to address the president – Everything he did set a precedent • Only served two terms • Congress created the cabinet- Jefferson as Secretary of State, Hamilton as secretary of Treasurer, etc. • Congress set up the federal court system in 1789 under the Judiciary Act- this is NOT the Supreme Court, but lesser courts

Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the National Debt • How do you pay for wars and expenses? – Sell bonds to citizens and countries – Pay them back with interest later • Hamilton’s plan– Buy up all previous bonds from the federal government and from states that hadn’t paid them off – Create a National Bank – Sell new bonds and pay those off later when the economy was good – Madison worried about speculators – Southerners not happy- they compromise • Move national capital city to Washington, D. C.

Hamilton’s plan continued • He thought if we passed some taxes it might help • He thought a protective tariff would help American businesses • Industry folks in the north liked protective tariffs, but southern farmers who bought imports did not • The Whiskey tax really made backcountry farmers mad

Whiskey Rebellion • 1. In what ways were farmers penalized for avoiding the tax on whiskey? • 2. In what ways did farmers rebel? • 3. How did Washington and Hamilton respond to the whiskey rebellion?

Revolution in France! 1789 • France was having economic and tax troubles and saw our revolution end in success • Fed up people storm the Bastille to get weapons • While our revolution ended in a republic, theirs took a nasty turn • America is a brand new nation. What should we do?

Meanwhile, back home… • Native American lands were being taken over by whites in the Northwest Territory, violating treaties there. • Chief Little Turtle of the Miami (OH) tribe led a successful battle against the U. S. military with the help of British muskets • Frustrated, Washington sent Anthony Wayne with a skilled army to defeat the native group at Fallen Timbers • In the Treaty of Greenville, the Miami gave up ½ of Ohio in return for $20, 000

Washington’s Farewell Address • His warnings– Stay away from European problems – Don’t make alliances– stay out of war – Avoid political parties – they’ll ruin government and the country

What is the Role of Government?

So who wins in 1796? • Yes, Adams wins – He’s a Federalist • Who is his V. P. ? • Under the original setup, the winner got to be president, second place got to be vice president – So Jefferson, the D-Rep, becomes V. P. • What if it were still this way today?