Chapter 8 The Challenge of Feminism Gilligans Challenge

Gilligan’s Challenge • The care perspective is an equally valid moral perspective that has

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice • Examples: – John Rawl’s theory

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – Sharing the role of breadwinner

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – A study found the partner

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – Studies have shown that the

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • Traditional ethics has

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • Desirable and undesirable

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • The ideal of

Conclusion • Carol Gilligan’s work has given rise to: – The challenge that traditional

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Chapter 8 The Challenge of Feminism

Gilligan’s Challenge • The care perspective is an equally valid moral perspective that has tended to be: – Disregarded in moral theory & psychological research alike because of male bias • Distinguish in theory between a justice perspective and a care perspective © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice • Examples: – John Rawl’s theory of justice – Working women and men • Discrimination • Is It Discrimination or Is It Choice? – What feminists see as discrimination, however, others see as women’s choices © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – Sharing the role of breadwinner and parenting – A similar case could be made on behalf of men – The advance of equality does not crucially depend on men’s equal willingness to: • Take on the role of primary parent © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – A study found the partner who provides more income has more decision-making power • The greater the difference in incomes the more: – Decision-making power the higher earning partner tends to have – Children may benefit more from equal rearing from both parents © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Theories of Justice – Studies have shown that the traditional arrangement is not preferable to one in which: • The tasks of parenting and breadwinning are more equally shared – Government support for equal sharing family programs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • Traditional ethics has failed to properly take women’s interests into account when: – Specifying its ideals of a morally good person • Kantian ethics; utilitarian ethics; Aristotelian – What makes a morally good person? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • Desirable and undesirable stereotypes of men and women – Distinctive gender roles and traits have been used to favor men over women • The difference between virtue and desirable trait © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Practical Inadequacy of Traditional Ideals of a Morally Good Person • The ideal of androgyny should be part of the practical specification of the ideals of: – A morally good person whether those ideals are Kantian, utilitarian, or Aristotelian – A specification of the ideal of equal opportunity © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Conclusion • Carol Gilligan’s work has given rise to: – The challenge that traditional ethics is biased against women • The bias of traditional ethics is manifested by the practical inadequacy of theories of: – Justice and its ideals of a morally good person © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.