Chapter 8 Supporting Your Ideas This multimedia product

Types of Supporting Material n Facts and Statistics n Testimony n Examples n Narratives

n Most n Can objective type. Statistics of support Facts and be independently verified

Facts n Can be shown true or false n Can be compromised by adding

n Numerical facts n n Statistics Describe size Illustrate trends Make predictions Show relationships

Evaluating Facts and Statistics to purpose n Relevance n Recency of data n Representative

Using Facts and Statistics n Check with several sources to verify n Seek sources

Ways to Use Factual Data n Definitions translate into listeners’ language n Explanations n

Testimony n Cites words or ideas of others n Provides witnesses in your behalf

n From n Lets those qualified to speak on topic you “borrow” credibility n

Lay Testimony n Voice of “the people” n Adds authenticity n Adds compassion n

Prestige Testimony n Respected n Not public figures necessarily expert in topic area n

Using Testimony n Select sources listeners respect n Quote or paraphrase accurately n Point

Examples Verbal illustrations for your message n Clarify ideas n Gain attention n Sustain

n Brief Types of Examples examples often mentioned as a series n Extended n

n Is Selecting an Example it relevant to my topic and purpose? n Is

n Tell Narratives a story to illustrate an idea n Involve n Help n

Types of Narratives n Embedded narrative n Vicarious experience narrative n Master narrative Copyright

Techniques for Using Supporting Materials n Comparison n Contrast to something familiar to emphasize

Ethical Use of Supporting Materials n Document date and source of information n Don’t

Support Controversial Ideas With n Facts n Statistics n Factual n Expert examples testimony

Clarify Abstract Ideas With n Examples n Narratives n Comparisons n Contrasts n Analogies

With Technical Material Use n Facts n Statistics n Expert testimony Copyright © Allyn

To Arouse Emotions Use n Lay testimony n Prestige testimony n Examples n Narratives

To Defuse Emotions Use n Facts n Statistics n Expert testimony Copyright © Allyn

With “Distant” Topics Use n Examples n Narratives Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

With Novel Ideas Use n Comparisons n Contrasts n Analogies Copyright © Allyn &

Deciding What Support to Use n Choose impressive supporting materials n Choose memorable supporting

Slides: 28

Download presentation

Chapter 8 Supporting Your Ideas This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

n Most n Can objective type. Statistics of support Facts and be independently verified n Statistics are numerical facts n Important for unfamiliar topics n Important for controversial topics Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

n Numerical facts n n Statistics Describe size Illustrate trends Make predictions Show relationships n Round off numbers to simply show magnitude n Use precise figures when topic is controversial Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Evaluating Facts and Statistics to purpose n Relevance n Recency of data n Representative of subject n From credible sources n Consistent with other reports n Free from bias n Complete information Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Using Facts and Statistics n Check with several sources to verify n Seek sources with no vested interest n Do not distort the meaning of information n Provide the latest data available n Supplement with examples n Clarify with presentation aids Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Ways to Use Factual Data n Definitions translate into listeners’ language n Explanations n n add more detail Clarify ideas Demonstrate how something works n Descriptions provide word pictures Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

n From n Lets those qualified to speak on topic you “borrow” credibility n Important n n Expert Testimony with certain types of topics Innovative topics Unfamiliar topics Technical topics Controversial topics Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Using Testimony n Select sources listeners respect n Quote or paraphrase accurately n Point out qualifications of source n Use only expert testimony to validate ideas n Use lay testimony to build identification n Use prestige testimony to enhance ideas Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Examples Verbal illustrations for your message n Clarify ideas n Gain attention n Sustain interest n Personalize topic n Suggest an idea is important n Aid intercultural understanding n Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

n Brief Types of Examples examples often mentioned as a series n Extended n Factual examples contain more detail examples about real people or events n Hypothetical examples represent reality Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

n Is Selecting an Example it relevant to my topic and purpose? n Is it representative of reality? n Will it aid understanding? n Will it make ideas memorable? n Is it believable? n Is it appropriate for my audience? n Is it in good taste? n Is it interesting? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Ethical Use of Supporting Materials n Document date and source of information n Don’t pass off opinions as facts n Interpret statistics fairly n Avoid using biased information n Don’t quote out of context n Use examples that reflect reality n Inform listeners of hypothetical examples Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Deciding What Support to Use n Choose impressive supporting materials n Choose memorable supporting materials n Choose credible supporting materials n Chose supporting materials that lead to action Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009