Chapter 8 Spiritual and Cultural Perspectives Delmar Learning

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Chapter 8 Spiritual and Cultural Perspectives Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a

Chapter 8 Spiritual and Cultural Perspectives Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spirituality is “A unifying force of a person; the essence of being that permeates

Spirituality is “A unifying force of a person; the essence of being that permeates all of life and is manifested in one’s being, knowing, and doing; the interconnectedness with self, others, nature, and God/Life Force/Absolute/Transcendent”. (Dossey & Guzzeta, 2000, p. 7). Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Culture is The values, beliefs, norms, and practices of a particular group that are

Culture is The values, beliefs, norms, and practices of a particular group that are learned and shared and that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in a patterned way. (Leininger, 1991) Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Cultural Values • Healing practices • Cultural competence Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar

Cultural Values • Healing practices • Cultural competence Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spirituality • Cornerstone of nursing practice • Broader concept than religion • A personal

Spirituality • Cornerstone of nursing practice • Broader concept than religion • A personal quest for meaning and purpose in life • Harmonious interconnectedness • Core of health and healing Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

A Holistic Model of Spirituality (Canda and Furman, 1999) • Spirituality as the Center

A Holistic Model of Spirituality (Canda and Furman, 1999) • Spirituality as the Center of the Person § § Spiritual Aspect Biological Aspect Sociological Aspect Psychological Aspect • Spirituality as wholeness of the person in relation with all Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Religion is “An organized system of beliefs shared by a group of people and

Religion is “An organized system of beliefs shared by a group of people and the practices, including worship, related to that system” (Burkhardt & Jacobson, 2000, p. 92). Religion is a matter of choice Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Health as a state of wholeness • Relationship between spirituality and health Chapter 8

Health as a state of wholeness • Relationship between spirituality and health Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spiritual Health Indicators • Life meaning and purpose • Sense of connectedness • Sense

Spiritual Health Indicators • Life meaning and purpose • Sense of connectedness • Sense of joy, peace, inner strength Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spiritual Distress is “A disturbance in the belief or value system that provides strength,

Spiritual Distress is “A disturbance in the belief or value system that provides strength, hope, and meaning in life”. (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, 1999, p. 852) Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spiritual Distress may be experienced when there is • Loss or confusion related to

Spiritual Distress may be experienced when there is • Loss or confusion related to the purpose of life • Loss of connectedness • Conflicts related to beliefs, values, and spiritual practices Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Signs of Spiritual Distress • • Fear Doubt Depression Despair Chapter 8 Copyright ©

Signs of Spiritual Distress • • Fear Doubt Depression Despair Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spiritual Assessment • Comprehensive assessment of the client’s spiritual belief system • Aspects §

Spiritual Assessment • Comprehensive assessment of the client’s spiritual belief system • Aspects § § § Meaning and purpose Inner strengths Interconnections Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Healing Practices for Restoring Wholeness • Role of food and its rituals in sustaining

Healing Practices for Restoring Wholeness • Role of food and its rituals in sustaining health • Communication with a God-force • Positive affirmations • Avoidance of negative thinking or judgments • Being in right relationship with self and others Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Spiritual Self-care • • Reflection Taking time for oneself Taking time for what is

Spiritual Self-care • • Reflection Taking time for oneself Taking time for what is important to you Nourish one’s own spirit Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Nursing Interventions for Restoring Wholeness • Therapeutic communication skills § § § Attentive listening

Nursing Interventions for Restoring Wholeness • Therapeutic communication skills § § § Attentive listening Focused presence Sharing Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

The Need for Cultural Understanding and Sensitivity • Traditionally described using the “melting pot”

The Need for Cultural Understanding and Sensitivity • Traditionally described using the “melting pot” metaphor • Racially diverse population • Population trends • Cultural diversity Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Cultural Competence in Community Health Nursing • Three levels of relationship development § §

Cultural Competence in Community Health Nursing • Three levels of relationship development § § § Conceptual Behavioral Cultural • Cultural compatibility hypothesis • Universalistic argument Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Cultural Sensitivity • Cultural competence • Stereotyping Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning,

Cultural Sensitivity • Cultural competence • Stereotyping Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Four Levels of Cultural Competence • • Unconscious incompetence Conscious competence Unconscious competence Chapter

Four Levels of Cultural Competence • • Unconscious incompetence Conscious competence Unconscious competence Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Culturally Diverse Care Utilizing different nursing approaches to provide culturally appropriate care to a

Culturally Diverse Care Utilizing different nursing approaches to provide culturally appropriate care to a heterogeneous client population Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Transcultural Nursing “A learned humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice which

Transcultural Nursing “A learned humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with respect to human care, health (or well-being), and illness based upon the people’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices” (Leininger, 1991, p. 55) Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Leininger’s Sunrise Model • • • Components of Culture Health Needs Folk Health System

Leininger’s Sunrise Model • • • Components of Culture Health Needs Folk Health System Professional Health System Nursing End result = Culturally Congruent Nursing Care Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Giger and Davidhizar Model (1999) • Six cultural phenomena § § § Communication Space

Giger and Davidhizar Model (1999) • Six cultural phenomena § § § Communication Space Time Environmental control Biologic variations Social organization Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Cultural Beliefs and Values of the Nurse • Cultural competence • Personal values clarification

Cultural Beliefs and Values of the Nurse • Cultural competence • Personal values clarification Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Values of U. S. Culture (Leininger, 1978) • • • Independence Equality Efficiency Individuality

Values of U. S. Culture (Leininger, 1978) • • • Independence Equality Efficiency Individuality Justice Privacy Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Values of U. S. Culture (Leininger, 1978) (cont. ) • • • Materialism Competition

Values of U. S. Culture (Leininger, 1978) (cont. ) • • • Materialism Competition Freedom of speech Enterprise Action Worship Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Family Folk Health Practices • Pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period • Infants and small

Family Folk Health Practices • Pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period • Infants and small children • Children Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Family Folk Health Practices (cont. ) • All ages § § Nutrition Herbal remedies

Family Folk Health Practices (cont. ) • All ages § § Nutrition Herbal remedies Traditional practitioners Treatments Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Religion: Bridging Culture and Spirituality • Primal Religions of the World § § §

Religion: Bridging Culture and Spirituality • Primal Religions of the World § § § Honor the spoken word Honor the sacred place Foundational beliefs Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Historical Religions of the World • Founded in concrete events • Sacred texts •

Historical Religions of the World • Founded in concrete events • Sacred texts • Cumulative traditions Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Hinduism • Oldest religion • Purpose of life = attainment of enlightenment • Health

Hinduism • Oldest religion • Purpose of life = attainment of enlightenment • Health practices Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Buddhism • Four noble truths • Deny existence of a personal Creator – God

Buddhism • Four noble truths • Deny existence of a personal Creator – God • Emphasize personal responsibility • Right living • Healthy lifestyle • Nonviolence Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Judaism • • • Only one God Humans are to love, praise and serve

Judaism • • • Only one God Humans are to love, praise and serve God Family as basic unit of society Sabbath Regulations regarding permitted and forbidden foods • Regulations regarding caring for the sick and dying Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Christianity • Belief in one God • Holy trinity – the Father, the Son,

Christianity • Belief in one God • Holy trinity – the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit • Bible source of inspiration • Use of prayer to support those who are ill Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Islam • • Does not believe in God Believes in Allah Koran Rituals of

Islam • • Does not believe in God Believes in Allah Koran Rituals of faith Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Religion as a Vehicle for Expressing Spirituality Nursing role § § Acknowledge, honor, respect

Religion as a Vehicle for Expressing Spirituality Nursing role § § Acknowledge, honor, respect patient’s religious views Work with patient to meet spiritual needs Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Caring and Cultural Diversity • Universal desire for caring • Caring is expressed differently

Caring and Cultural Diversity • Universal desire for caring • Caring is expressed differently among cultures • Caring is the antidote to human suffering Chapter 8 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company

Chapter 32 Poverty Delmar Learning Copyright 2003 DelmarChapter 32 Poverty Delmar Learning Copyright 2003 Delmar
Chapter 14 Epidemiology Delmar Learning Copyright 2003 DelmarChapter 14 Epidemiology Delmar Learning Copyright 2003 Delmar
Course title Spiritual Perspectives and Spiritual Distress CourseCourse title Spiritual Perspectives and Spiritual Distress Course
Chapter 9 Environmental Perspectives Delmar Learning Copyright 2003Chapter 9 Environmental Perspectives Delmar Learning Copyright 2003
Welcome Nepalese Cultural and Spiritual Centre NEPALESE CULTURALWelcome Nepalese Cultural and Spiritual Centre NEPALESE CULTURAL
Cultural Headlines Evidencing Moral And Spiritual Failures CulturalCultural Headlines Evidencing Moral And Spiritual Failures Cultural
Chapter 10 Cultural Diversity 2009 Delmar Cengage LearningChapter 10 Cultural Diversity 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning
DELMAR ENERGY PATHWAY PROJECTSOMERSET EXTENSION DELMAR ENERGY PATHWAYDELMAR ENERGY PATHWAY PROJECTSOMERSET EXTENSION DELMAR ENERGY PATHWAY
Psychological Perspectives Different Perspectives 9 Different Perspectives orPsychological Perspectives Different Perspectives 9 Different Perspectives or
Culture CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES OUTCOMES Investigate various theoretical perspectivesCulture CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES OUTCOMES Investigate various theoretical perspectives
Cultural Identity and Cultural Biases Cultural Identity OnesCultural Identity and Cultural Biases Cultural Identity Ones
Chapter 5 Cultural Assessment Copyright 2002 Delmar AChapter 5 Cultural Assessment Copyright 2002 Delmar A
Chapter 20 Cultural Diversity Copyright 2011 Delmar CengageChapter 20 Cultural Diversity Copyright 2011 Delmar Cengage
Contents 1 Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity Cultural DiversityContents 1 Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity
LEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural Competence Cultural IncapacityLEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural Competence Cultural Incapacity
Cultural Deficit vs Cultural Discontinuity Cultural Deprivation measuresCultural Deficit vs Cultural Discontinuity Cultural Deprivation measures
CULTURAL RESPONSIVENESS Cultural Responsiveness What is it CulturalCULTURAL RESPONSIVENESS Cultural Responsiveness What is it Cultural
LEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural Competence Cultural IncapacityLEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural Competence Cultural Incapacity
Cultural Studies 232 Najd Cultural Studies Cultural StudiesCultural Studies 232 Najd Cultural Studies Cultural Studies
Folk Housing Cultural Landscape Cultural Landscape Cultural LandscapeFolk Housing Cultural Landscape Cultural Landscape Cultural Landscape
Imperialismo Cultural Imperialismo Cultural Imperialismo cultural o conjuntoImperialismo Cultural Imperialismo Cultural Imperialismo cultural o conjunto
Cultural Studies 232 Najd Cultural Studies Cultural StudiesCultural Studies 232 Najd Cultural Studies Cultural Studies
CULTURAL DIVERSITY Cultural diversity What is it CulturalCULTURAL DIVERSITY Cultural diversity What is it Cultural
Cultural diversity change diffusion Cultural Diversity Cultural DiversityCultural diversity change diffusion Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity