CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1 MINERALS EARTHS JEWELS CHAPTER

CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1 MINERALS– EARTH’S JEWELS CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHAPTER 8 SECTION 3 METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE Mr. Perez

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY Mineral- inorganic, solid materials found in nature Rock- solid material made up of two or more minerals Crystal- solid materials with a repeating pattern Gem- minerals that are rare and can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance Ore- mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for profit

WHAT IS A MINERAL? Minerals are inorganic, Solid materials formed in nature. Inorganic means that are not made by plants or animals Examples: Graphite, quartz, fluorite, apatite Ways minerals form: 1. Melted rock (magma) cools and the particles are arranged in patterns 2. Evaporation cause minerals to form, just as evaporated saltwater leaves behind salt 3. Precipitation cause minerals to form– water cannot hold all the dissolved materials, forming solid masses of mineral Formation clues: APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT • Large mineral grains that fit like a puzzle = slow cooling magma • Perfect crystals = plenty of room to cool

WHAT IS A MINERAL?

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS Crystals Cleavage & Fracture Color Streak & Luster Hardness Specific gravity

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS Cleavage Fracture Minerals that split into pieces with smooth, regular planes that reflect light Minerals that split into pieces with rough or jagged edges Halite & Mica Flint & Quartz

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS COLOR: the way the minerals HARDNESS: Using the MOHS SCALE, classify how hard the look can be caused by mineral is impurities SPECIFIC GRAVITY: compares STREAK: the color that the weight of the mineral with appears when the minerals is slid on a white, unglazed tiled an equal volume of water called a streak plate LUSTER: how light is reflected off the mineral OTHER PROPERTIES: § Magnetism § Taste § Reactivity

COMMON MINERALS Most of the rock-forming minerals are silicates, which contain silicon and oxygen. § Feldspar § Quartz Other important rock-forming minerals are carbonates, which contain carbon and oxygen. § Calcite

GEMS Gems are minerals that can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance– beautiful luster and color VERY RARE, because they form under special conditions § Require extremely high pressures § Examples of gems: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds

ORES Ores are minerals that contain enough of a useful substance that it can be sold for profit § Examples of ores: copper ore, aluminum ore, gold ore Ores are processed: 1. 2. 3. 4. Mined Smelted: melted and useful product separated from the rest Refined (purified) Processed

REMEMBER! Bring in old crayons and pencil sharpeners or coins to class A: 12/8 or B: 12/9 Rock Cycle Quiz A: 12/8 or B: 12/9 Work on Mighty Mineral Mini Project in class (bring research) A: 12/10 or B: 12/11 Rock Mini Test on A: 12/16 or B: 12/17

SECTION 2 VOCABULARY Lava- molten rock material that exists at or above Earth’s surface Igneous rock- rock formed when melted rock material from inside Earth cools Extrusive- melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface Intrusive- melted rock materials cools below Earth’s surface Sedimentary rock- sediment collected in layers and compacted together

IGNEOUS ROCK DETAILS Igneous Rocks Type Form from molten rock called Have cooling rate that is Have crystal size that is Extrusive (outside) Lava (above surface) Fast Small Intrusive (inside) Magma (below surface) Slow Large

ORGANIZE IGNEOUS ROCKS Have High silica content Light colored Are called Granitic Igneous Rocks can be Have Low silica content Dark colored Are called Basaltic

CLASSIFY SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Detrital Chemical Organic Form from Made of grains of minerals or other rocks Dissolved mineral in seawater, geysers, hot springs, or salty lakes Living matter that has died How form Moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind Evaporation or other chemical processes Piled up and compressed into rock Where form Land or water Water Land or ocean Examples Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Siltstone Halite Chalk, coal, limestone

SECTION 3 VOCABULARY Pressure- force applied over a given area Metamorphic rock- new rocks that form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted Foliated- rocks that have visible layers or elongated grains of mineral Nonfoliated- rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands of minerals Rock cycle- cycle that describes how different kinds of rock are related to one another and how rocks change from one type to another

SUMMARIZE METAMORPHIC ROCKS Conditions of Metamorphic Rock Formation Temperature High Pressure High Time Millions of years

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS Foliated rocks include: slate gneiss phyllite schist

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS Nonfoliated rocks include: quartzite soapstone marble

ROCK CYCLE INTERACTIVE http: //www. learner. org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram. html

RESOURCES Florida Science Grade 7 Glencoe Science & Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Google images