Chapter 8 Reporting Research Dawn M Mc Bride

Chapter 8 Reporting Research Dawn M. Mc. Bride The Process of Research in Psychology Second Edition

Steps in the Research Process 2 Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of

Reporting Research 3 l APA-style papers l Oral presentations l Poster presentations Dawn M.

APA-style Papers l 4 Structure of an APA-style paper: § Title Page § Abstract § Introduction § Method - Participants, Materials/Apparatus, Design, Procedure § Results § Discussion § References Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 5 Title Page § The first page of your article will be the Title Page. It will include the title of the article, the authors’ names, and the authors’ affiliations centered on the page. § Your title should be concise and informative. § The Title Page will also contain a running head that is a shortened version of the title. § Finally, the page number appears in the header, right margin justified, of every page in the article. Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 6 Abstract § Short summary of study § About 150 words § Purpose of study § Design of study § Main results § Conclusions from the results Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers: Introduction § § § 7 General topic/research question Review literature relevant to research question(s) and hypothesis Briefly describe current study State hypotheses and justification for hypotheses Point how study will add new knowledge to the field Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 8 Method § Participants § Design § Materials/Apparatus § Procedure Dawn

APA-style Papers l 9 Participants § Number § Important demographics § Where obtained § Compensation Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 10 Design § Type of research design § Variables (dependent, independent) § How variables were measured/manipulated Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 11 Materials/Apparatus § Description of stimuli or scales used in the study § Where stimuli/scales obtained or how developed § Description of any apparatus used in the study Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 12 Procedure § Chronological description of what the participants/subjects experienced in the study § Description of instructions given to participants § Order of tasks- Experimental Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 13 Results § Dependent measure analyzed § Statistical tests used (will be used) § Alpha level used for tests § Descriptive statistics - Figures/Tables Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 14 Results § Statistical values from tests § p values from tests § Statements about significant effects or relationships Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 15 Discussion § Review hypotheses and indicate if they were supported by results § Compare current results with those from past studies § Provide explanations of unexpected results § Suggest future directions for research § Summarize what was learned in the current study Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers -References l 16 Listing of all sources cited in the article. § Alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. § All subsequent authors listed in the order they appear in the publication § Publication year § Title of the source (e. journal name) § Pertinent information about source Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l References Smith, L. J. , & James, T. R. (2009). The effect of smiling on mood. Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 345 -358. doi: 15. 8567/839563925748 17 Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 18 Multiple Study Articles § One Introduction section that provides background for all your studies, § A Method’s and Result section for each study, § A general Discussion section that describes conclusions for all the studies combined. Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l Research 19 Proposals § To write a research proposal, the APAstyle structure described above is generally followed § Plan for the analysis instead of Results section Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l Research 20 Proposals § No Discussion section § Importance of study presented in Literature review § Details of the study are described in the future tense Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers: l 21 Citations in text: § Cite all sources § Past studies (Smith & James, 2009) have shown… OR § Smith and James (2009) have shown… Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

APA-style Papers l 22 General Issues § Include a Title Page with a title, running head (goes on every page), page number, authors names, and authors’ affiliations § 1 inch margins for all pages § Follow heading structure: centered in bold, left justified in bold § New page for Abstract, Introduction, References, Tables, Figures only Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

Oral Presentations 23 l Follow general APA for order of information l Briefer form than paper l Designed for visual and oral acquisition l Clarity of visual aids (e. g. , PPTs) important Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

Poster Presentations 24 l Follow general APA for order of information l Visual acquisition important l Use pictures and bullet points for clarity and space issues l Make sure information flows clearly down columns and from left to right on poster l Prepare short oral explanation of what is on the poster or slide to guide viewer through Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

Common Pitfalls 25 l Problem: Overuse quotes in research reports and incorrectly cite sources. l Problem: Incorrect use of verb l Problem: Providing too many details of background studies—writing a full summary of a past study in the Introduction of a research report Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

Common Pitfalls 26 l Problem: Describing background literature from secondary sources—students often use secondary sources for l Problem: Making statements about the statistics instead of the effect or relationship tested Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.

Outline Research Proposal Title Page Literature Review (Heading Centered) Abstract Introduction • • • Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Research Question(s)/Hypothesis Theoretical Framework Definition of Terms Sub-heading Methods • Participants • Instrumentation • Research Design and Procedures • Analysis • Protection of Human Rights References 27

In Class Lab #11 IVs and DVs l l 28 Skip Part 1 C. -Describe how you would conduct: § A correlational study to address the question in Study A about jury decisions. § An experiment to address the question in Study A about jury decisions. Dawn M. Mc. Bride - The Process of Research in Psychology, 2 nd Edition © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc.