Chapter 8 Population Pyramids Learning Outcomes By the

Chapter 8 Population Pyramids

Learning Outcomes – By the end of the class you should be able to: q. Read a population pyramid. q. Analyse a population pyramid and make predictions about the future impacts of population growth and decline.

Look out for these Key Words during the lesson: • • Population Pyramid Age Structure Sex/Gender Structure Birth Rate Death Rate Static Expanding

Homework for next class • Textbook: Revise pp. 140 -141 • Revise Population Pyramid sheet

Population Pyramid of Ireland With your partner what can you tell me about this population pyramid? ? Male Female

Video clip • . . Video clipsPopulation Pyramids - The basics. mp 4

Studying Population pyramids • Show gender and age profile of population • Provide information on: Ø Percentage of males and females Ø How many people in each age group Ø Birth rates and death rates Ø Life expectancy of population – from structure Ø How developed a country is – from shape Ø Percentage of population dependent Exam hint: You need to know what population pyramids are and what they show.

Population Pyramid Gender Number of Females in this age range Number of Males in this age range Scale Age Range

Advantages of Population Pyramids • Easy and Clear to analyse. • More detail of the age and gender of a country’s population. • Governments can use the Population Pyramid to make decisions to meet the populations needs. • Education • Jobs • Transport

Population Pyramids • We are now going to look at 3 different countries, Brazil, Germany and Ireland. • For each country we are going to examine 1) Birth rates 2) Death rates 3) Life expectancy

Brazil Look at: • Birth Rate • Death Rate High Birth Rate – Wide base Young age Structure High Death rate – Narrow peak

Population pyramid: Brazil 1) Birth rates 0 -4 band – birth rates high, rapidly growing population Factors: ØWomen: traditional role ØLack of family planning ØHigh infant mortality ØChildren care for parents when old 2) Death rates Top narrow – death rates high Factors: ØLack of clean water ØLack of health services ØLow living standards 3) Life expectancy Narrow peak – few people survive into old age Factors: ØHealthcare not available ØHarsh working conditions ØLack of sanitation

Germany Low and declining birth rate Narrow base Older population structure Low death rate Broader peak.

Population pyramid: Germany 1) Birth rates 2) Death rates 3) Life expectancy Narrow base – birth rates low, static or declining Wide at middle and towards top – death rates low Wide peak – high life expectancy Factors: ØWomen have careers ØPractise family planning ØInfant mortality low ØChildren don’t work ØChildren not expected to care for old parents Factors: ØHigh standard of living ØExcellent health service ØGood sanitation and water ØFewer diseases Factors: ØAccess to healthcare ØGood services for elderly ØHigh living standards

Population pyramid: Ireland • 4. 5 million in 2010 • Developed country • Population growing slowly

Population pyramid: Ireland Birth rates Death rates Life expectancy Slight increase at base but birth rate is low Wide at middle and top – low death rate Wide peak – high life expectancy Factors: ØLow infant mortality ØAccess to family planning ØRole of women in society ØWomen have children later in life Factors: ØAccess to healthcare ØVaccinations ØHigh standard of living ØEducated about healthy living ØClean water and sanitation Factors: ØGood care for elderly ØGood health services ØHigh standard of living

1. What are the main differences between the population structures shown in photographs. X Y 2. Can you explain these differences using a graph above? A B

Homework Ø Mr. Cadogan has just received a population pyramid and cannot remember how to read it. In a letter, explain to him how to interpret a population pyramid. Ø Please include the basic parts of a pyramid (Age and Gender) and the difference in a developing (triangle) and developed (diamond) shaped pyramids.

Can you…. ü Read a population pyramid. ü Analyse a population pyramid and make predictions about the future impacts of population growth and decline.