CHAPTER 8 Mitosis SP 2013 Chapter 9 Cellular

CHAPTER 8 Mitosis SP 2013

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction Section 1: Cellular Growth Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth § As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. § The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth Transport of Substances § Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins. § Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient. § Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth Cellular Communications § The need for signaling ______to move throughout the cell also limits cell _____. § Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth The Cell Cycle § ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large. § It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries. § Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the _______.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth § _____ is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates. § _____ is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. § ______ is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth The Stages of Interphase § The first stage of ______, G 1 § The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth The Second Stage of Interphase, S § The cell copies its _____in preparation for cell division.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 1 Cellular Growth The Third Stage of Interphase, G 2 § The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

Why do animals shed their skin?

The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ________ Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

Animated Mitosis Cycle http: //www. cellsalive. com/mitosis. htm • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase & Cytokinesis

Interphase occurs before mitosis begins Chromosomes are ______(# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (______) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase • Nucleus CELL MEMBRANE Cytoplasm

Interphase Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http: //www. bioweb. uncc. edu/biol 1110/Stages. htm

Prophase 1 st step in Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • ______(or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles. • Sister chromatids Centrioles Spindle fibers

Prophase Animal Cell Plant Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles Photographs from: http: //www. bioweb. uncc. edu/biol 1110/Stages. htm

Metaphase 2 nd step in Mitosis • ______(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers. Centrioles Spindle fibers

Metaphase Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http: //www. bioweb. uncc. edu/biol 1110/Stages. htm

Anaphase 3 rd step in Mitosis • _______(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles Spindle fibers

Anaphase Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http: //www. bioweb. uncc. edu/biol 1110/Stages. htm

Telophase 4 th step in Mitosis Two new ____ form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods). • Mitosis ends. • Nuclei Chromatin Nuclei

Telophase Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http: //www. bioweb. uncc. edu/biol 1110/Stages. htm

Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical ________.

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

Cell Cycle 31

- Cell Division The Cell Cycle 32 32

Mitosis Animation http: //www. cellsalive. com/mitosis. htm

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation Normal Cell Cycle § Different _____ combinations _______ other activities, including DNA ______, protein _______, and nuclear ______ throughout the __________.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation _______ Checkpoints § The cell _________ has built-in ______ that _______ the cycle and can _____ it if something goes _____. § _______ checkpoints also have been identified in ______.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation _______ Cell Cycle: ______ § _____ is the _____ growth and _______ of cells. § Cancer cells can _____ by ____ out _____ cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue _____.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation ______ of Cancer § The _____ that occur in the ______ of cell ____ and _____ of cancer cells are due to ______. § Various _______ factors can ____ the occurrence of ____ cells.

Causes of Cancer ___________________

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis § ________ cell _____ § _____ going through apoptosis actually _____ and _____ in a ______ process.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation Stem Cells § ______ cells that can _______ into _____ cells when _____ the right ______

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation Embryonic Stem Cells § After ______, the resulting ______ of cells _____ repeatedly until there about _____-____ cells. These cells have ____ become _______.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9. 3 Cell Cycle Regulation Adult Stem Cells § Found in _____ tissues in the body and _____ be used to _____ and ______ the ____ kind of tissue § _____ controversial because the adult stem cells can be ______ with the ______ of their donor Cellular Reproduction