Chapter 8 I Battle of Fort Ticonderoga a

Chapter 8

I. Battle of Fort Ticonderoga a. May 10, 1775 b. Controlled by 22 British soldiers c. Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold walked into the fort and took over d. Took over ammunition and gun powder e. Huge boost in belief that patriots could win

II. The Battle of Bunker Hill a. 1 st major battle of American Revolution b. Massachusetts, June 1775 c. British General William Howe defeated American troops. d. General Howe declared anyone helping the patriots would be considered a traitor! e. American troops lost the battle due to lack of ammunition

III. Common Sense "These are the times that try men's souls. " a. Written by Thomas Paine in 1776 b. Inspired colonists to stick with their fight for independence from British rule

IV. Congress declares Independence a. Declaration of Independencewritten by Thomas Jefferson b. July 4 th, 1776 Congress approved Declaration of Independence c. Sent to King George III

V. Battle of Long Island a. July 1776 b. British General Howe wanted to use New York as a military base c. General Washington also wanted to control New York d. British had more soldiers so Washington had to retreat from Long Island to fight another day

VI. First submarine attack a. New York Harbor September 1776 b. The “Turtle” was invented by David Bushnell c. Targeted British HMS Eagle flagship d. Was supposed to place gunpowder on British ship but failed

VII. Battle of Trenton a. December 26, 1776 b. General Washington crossed the Delaware River in a surprise attack on a British fort at Trenton, New Jersey c. Hessian soldiers (German soldiers hired by England) surrendered the fort

VIII. America has a flag a. June 1777 b. Sewed by Betsy Ross to boost the moral of Washington’s soldiers c. Washington felt that if the soldiers could “see” what their freedom would look like they would continue to fight

IX. Battle of Saratoga a. October 1777 b. British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender at Saratoga c. “Turning point” in war as a result of Burgoyne’s defeat, France decided to support American soldiers with money, supplies and ammunition to win the war

X. Battle of Yorktown a. 1778 Virginia b. French and Americans join together to defeat British General Lord Cornwallis c. British realize defeat and retreat

XI. Treaty of Paris a. September 3, 1783 b. Ben Franklin, and John Adams went to sign agreement with King George III to end the American Revolutionary War

Key Players in the War Patriots freedom from British control. Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Paine. 40 to 45 percent of the white population “Whigs” Loyalist not in favor of War About 15 to 20 percent of population “Tories” or “Royalist” Neutralist Avoided taking sides About 50% of population Pacifism, Lack of Understandi ng or status as immigrant were all factors

Minorities Native Americans Torn on which side would support their cause Many joined British Viewed as “Savage” villains by patriots African Americans Hope of freedom British offered escaped slaves emancipation Continental Army promised freedom Still, freedom was more a hope than a reality Hypocrisy Women Took on roles abandon by men JAMES_ARMISTEAD Patriot_Spy Author Unknown. Retrieved from http: //africanamericanempowerment. blo gspot. com/2009/05/unsung-africanamerican-heroes. html Often became impoverished Flocked to army camps

Life for Loyalist Men often tarred & feathered, beaten, or killed If they joined militia, property and possessions were confiscated Women and children impoverished and homeless 20% forced to flee Original Author unknown Retrieved from http: //www. historum. com/showthread. php? t=13813&page= 14

Life of the New American identity Nation-building Articles of Confederation 13 colonies to 13 States of the United States Nation in debt