CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND GLOBAL POPULATION GLOBAL

CHAPTER 8 “GLOBAL ECONOMICS AND GLOBAL POPULATION”

GLOBAL ECONOMICS A. Economic Geography 1. Economic geography is the branch of geography concerned with how people use the earth’s resources, how they earn their living, and how products are distributed. 2. Economic activities of people and business can be divided into four categories.

a. Primary Industries - agriculture, forestry, and mining. b. Secondary Industries - transform goods from primary industries into products useful to consumers. c. Tertiary Industries - provide services to primary and secondary industries, to communities, and to individual consumers. d. Quaternary Industries - services performed by professionals having

B. Economic Indicators are Used to Measure Development. 1. Gross national product (GNP) is the value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, both inside and outside the country. 2. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of goods and services produced only within a country. 3. Extent to which a country has industrialized.

4. Literacy rate among a country’s people. 5. The infrastructure including roads, bridges, transportation facilities, power plants, water supply, sewage treatment facilities, and government buildings. 6. The telecommunications network. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF GNP AND GDP IN THE U. S. HOW DOES THE U. S. COMPARE TO OTHER COUNTRIES WHEN IT COMES TO ECONOMIC INDICATORS. (4 MIN. )

DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A. Developed Countries 1. World’s wealthiest countries 2. Include most of countries in Western Europe, the U. S. , Canada, Japan, Australia, Singapore, and others. 3. Share common characteristics: a. Good education system b. Widely available health care c. Industrialization

d. Many manufacturing and service industries. e. Participation in international trade. f. Modern farming technology. g. Access to modern telecommunications for most people. B. Developing Nations 1. Also known as third world or underdeveloped. 2. World’s poorer countries.

3. Include about 3/4 of the world’s population. 4. Characteristics include the following: a. Many people live by subsistence farming. b. Few Manufacturing and service industries. c. Poverty and unemployment are widespread. d. Limited health services e. Overcrowded schools

f. Low literacy rate g. Modern telecommunications seldom found outside major cities. h. Export minerals and agricultural products to developed countries. C. Middle Income Countries 1. Include Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Hungary, South Korea, and Malaysia 2. Have combined characteristics of developed and developing countries.

D. Choices in Economic Development 1. Economic choices of developing countries are often limited. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHY? ? (3 MIN. ) 2. Developed countries often offer foreign aid to developing countries. 3. Multinational companies - worldwide businesses with activities in many countries, often build factories in poor countries.

a. Seek raw materials and labor at a low cost. b. Provide jobs and often transfer technology. E. Economically Developed Countries Share Two Important Economic Characteristics: 1. An economic system guided by free enterprise. a. Prices are determined mostly through competition. b. Goods people want are produced in

c. People are free to search for higher wages and better working conditions. d. Free enterprises the basis of capitalism, or market economy, in which resources, businesses, and industries are privately owned. 2. Democracy a. People must have personal freedom to make enterprise work.

b. In the last few years, all of the countries whose economies have improved also have expanded free enterprise and democratic ideas. F. Command Economies are in Contrast to Free Enterprise 1. Government determines wages, the kinds and amounts of goods produced, and the prices of goods.

2. Communist countries have command economies. 3. Developing economies are often a mix of command economies and free enterprise. SMALL GROUP ROLE PLAYING: YOU ARE EITHER A COMMAND ECONOMY OR DEMOCRACY. (I WILL DETERMINE) JUSTIFY YOUR POSITION. (5 MIN. )

POPULATION GEOGRAPHY A. Global Population Density 1. Geography of human population is uneven. 2. Population geography is the study of variations and changes in a population’s makeup, distributions, movement, and relationship to its environment.

3. Demography is the study of human population that emphasizes statistical characteristics, or facts and figures. 4. There are four large regions of human settlement. a. Eastern Asia b. South Asia c. Western Europe d. Eastern North America

B. Population Growth 1. Archaeologists believe that the world’s population at the end of the last ice age was less than 10 million. 2. Two thousand years ago, the world’s population was about 250 million people. 3. By 1650, the world’s population doubled to 500 million. 4. By 1850, the world’s population doubled to 1 billion.

5. By 1940, the population was 2 billion, growing to 4 billion by 1975. 6. By the year 2010 , the world’s population will be between 6. 5 and 7 billion. 7. Demographers believe that the world population will surpass 10 billion during the 21 st century.

IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHAT HAS BEEN THE CAUSE OF POPULATION INCREASES AND DECREASES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. C. Stages of Population Growth 1. Demographers explain that a country experiences three stages of population growth as its economy develops. a. Geographers use birthrates and death rates to explain the three stages.

b. Birthrate is number of births per 1, 000 people in a given year. c. Death rate is number of deaths per 1, 000 people in a given year. 2. During the first stage, birthrate and death rate are high but equal. 3. During the second stage, the death rate declines steadily while the birthrate remains high

4. In the third stage, the birthrate drops and family sizes decrease. The birthrate and death rate again become about the same , but at lower levels. 5. Emigrants and immigrants also affect a country’s population growth or decline. a. An emigrant is someone who moves out of a country. b. Immigrant is someone who comes to a nation to settle.

6. In all the world’s developed countries, the period of rapid growth has ended. 7. Developing countries have not completed the three stages of population growth. D. Future Growth 1. Rapid population growth will continue in developing countries. a. Providing for these still expanding populations will require increased food production, industrial

2. The spread of AIDS will have an uncertain effect on future population growth. (HIV deaths has been estimated to reach 110 million by the year 2000)

POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Geography Handbook: (Population/Census) 2. Newspaper Advertisements For Each Of The Industries. 3. Compare/Contrast Foreign Currency. 4. Articles On Where Population Is Having An Effect On A Culture/Country. 5. Learning About Your Local Geography (pg. 85) 6. Critical Thinking Wks. (pg. 13 -14)