Chapter 8 Framing Systems I Purpose of framing

Chapter 8 Framing Systems

I. Purpose of framing systems – Loads imposed on a structure are transferred to the foundation A) Basic Systems (1) Cast in place reinforced concrete Economical, fire resistant, durable, flexible from a design standpoint – Problem tensile strength – Cured by reinforcing steel – Cast in place is economical

I. A) (2) Cast in place post tensioned concrete – Easy, versatile, cost effective (3) Pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete Best for use in sensitive environments where cast in place is difficult – However more limited from a design

I. A) (4) Structural steel Limitless applications – Problems – Corrosion/intense heat – Constructs quickly Isotropic (5) Reinforced masonry Brick and concrete masonry units combined with reinforcing steel and grout – Economical – Much like pre-cast rapidly constructed – Varies in product type, size, color

I. A) (6) Heavy timber Used in smaller buildings – Churches, schools, small stadiums, some residences – High strength to weight, rapid installation – Resistant to fire, susceptible to water and pests connections mechanical not integrated (7) Wood (light framing) Predominant for residential, apartments, condos and small commercial projects – Least expensive, offers variations in design, rapidly assembled – Can be chemically treated for use in basements, outside use. Due to natural product – quality control required weakness – fire, water, pests, mechanical connections

B) Drawings (1) Material – Choice of architect/engineer based on cost-benefit analysis during design phase (2) Floor plans – Shows locations, proportions of walls (3) Elevations/Sections – Shows height (4) Most architectural plans show schematics. Details in engineering details

B) (5) Most plans show – Plan views, elevations, sections and pictorial drawings (6) Line/Symbols – Vary greatly (7) Scale – 1/16”, 1/8”, 1/4” = 1’

C) Framing System Drawings (1) General to specific (2) Framing systems generally designed by structural engineers for buildings , civil engineers for bridges and highways (3) Typically follow same arrangements as architectural drawings (4) General plans of whole project followed by individual floors, roof and details – It is in the details where the devil resides!

D) Drawings Into Work (1) Graphic and text – Review, review (2) Job costing – Work breakdown, estimating, managers, chasing information, quality of drawings and specifications (3) Sequence of work to be determined to determine project cost. (See Pg. 153)

E) Take-off (1) Analysis of drawings/specifications – Determine quantity of materials, operations – (Typical table on Pg. 165) (2) Crews, costs, production rates, equipment, task duration – Converted to time and money