Chapter 8 Energy Sources and the Environment 8

Chapter 8 Energy Sources and the Environment

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Energy Resources – Energy is used many ways – Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy use in the U. S. – Which source do we use the most? – How do we use this energy?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Fossil Fuel Formation – How do they form? – Why are fossil fuels used? – How do we transform the chemical energy stored in fossil fuels?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Petroleum–How is it processed? –How do we use it?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Natural Gas –How is it processed? –How do we use it?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Coal –How is it processed? –How do we use it?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Creating electricity – Chemical energy converted into electrical energy – How efficient are fossil fuel burning power plants? – What happens to the energy that is not converted into electrical energy?

8 -1 Fossil Fuels • Cost of fossil fuels – Release of particulates – Release of carbon dioxide – Non renewable energy sources

• Fusion 8 -2 – Nuclear Energy – Atoms combine at very high temperatures to release energy – On the Sun!! • Fission – Atoms split apart and energy is released – Many located all around the U. S.

8 -2 – Nuclear Energy • Nuclear Reactors – Uses energy from controlled nuclear reactions – Nuclear fuel – Fuel rods – Nuclear chain reaction

8 -2 – Nuclear Energy • Nuclear Power Plants – Produce electricity similar to fossil fueled plants • Benefits of Nuclear Power – – • Risks of Nuclear Power – – –

8 -2 – Nuclear Energy • Release of radioactivity • Chernobyl (April 26, 1986)

8 -2 – Nuclear Energy • Disposal of radioactive waste

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Energy Options – Renewable resources – Replaced faster than humans can consume them

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Solar Energy – Photovoltaic cells – – Convert solar energy into electricity

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Hydroelectric Energy – Moving water creates electricity – Can use the potential energy of water on a turbine to create electricity – Can also use tidal and wave energy to spin turbines and create electricity

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Wind Energy – Windmills convert wind energy into electrical energy

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Geothermal energy – Thermal energy from inside the Earth is harnessed to spin turbines

8 -3 – Renewable Energy Resources • Alternative fuels – Hydrogen fuel cells – Biomass -

8 -4 – Environmental Impacts • Population and carrying capacity – World population – – Carrying capacity -

8 -4 – Environmental Impacts • People and the Environment • Impact on Land – Agriculture – Deforestation – Urban development – Waste – National and state parks

8 -4 – Environmental Impacts • People and the Environment • Impact on Water – Amount of freshwater available – Pollution • Industry • Oil and gas • Human waste

8 -4 – Environmental Impacts • People and the Environment • Impact on Air – Air pollution • Photochemical smog • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Acid rain – Reducing Pollution