Chapter 8 Conquest vs Governance Due after break

Chapter 8

Conquest vs. Governance

Due after break n Chapter 8 Quiz & (GRAPES Ummayyad and Abbasid Due) n

The Sasanid 224– 651 n Iran to Mesopotamia n Gained wealth along the Silk Road n Zoroastrian n Were in Conflict with the Byzantines n

Rise of Islam n Arab Peninsula n. Nomad Arab Bedouins n. Very cosmopolitan n. Mecca was a major caravan city

Muhammad Became wealthy through trade n 610 - Began receiving revelations n n One god – Allah n Heaven and Hell n He was the Last prophet (Noah, Moses, and Jesus) Fled to Medina and formed the Umma n Eventually returned to Mecca n

Successors n Abu Bakr- First Caliph n Formed the beliefs into a formal religion n Koran n n & 5 Pillars Consolidated most of Arabia into a unified state 3 rd Caliph was assassinated (Uthman Ummaya) n His family takes control as a dynasty Ummayad Caliphate n Sunni n Some people believe that Muhammad's cousin Ali should rule n Shiite

Umayyad Caliphate n n Umayyad Caliphate began policy of conquest throughout the Middle east and North Africa Paid armies lived in military camps Did not try to convert the people to Islam In 750 the family was massacred (Except in Spain)

Abbasid Caliphate (750 -1258) n Less militaristic and more ceremonial n n Active conversion of local people began n n Arab culture and Islamic trade and in cities Literature and learning grew (Greco-roman texts) Too large to administer n n n Baghdad Relied on Turkish troops for power (Mamluks) Local families begin taking control in each region Ulama (religious scholars) held together the Arab/. Muslim Culture

Fall of the Abbasids n Pressure on boarders Seljuk Turks attacked from central Asia n Christian Crusaders attacked from Europe n Eventually the Mongols destroyed the Abbassids n

Islamic Civilization n n Islamic law—Shari’a traditions of the Prophet (sunna) Reports of the prophet (hadith) Cities were centers of learning n n n Medicine, science, math, art, and architecture, astronomy, sailing technology Madrasas- Religious colleges Sufi brotherhoods- similar to monasteries and fraternities

Women and Slaves n Women were veiled Held power in families n Had legal rights n Could have multiple wives n Concubines n n Could not own Christians, Jews, Muslims, or Zoroastrian slaves

n Bedouins n Shiite n Muhammad n Baghdad n Umma n Abu Bakrn Koran 5 Pillars n Uthman Ummaya n Sunni n Ali n n Mamluks n Ulama n Seljuk Turks n Shari n sunna n hadith n Madrasasn Sufi brotherhoods